Introduction

Abstract

This book considers terrorism as an aspect of the capitalist world system for more than five centuries. My previous research revealed that terrorism emerged from above (i.e., state and/or state-sponsored terrorism) and below (i.e., subversive organizations or groups). This book addresses these issues in greater depth by identifying and exploring the causes and main characteristics of terrorism. Several scholars have written on the emergence of the capitalist world system in the late fifteenth century and its subsequent development through the processes of broadening (expansion to new regions) and deepen ing (increased activities in the already incorporated regions) (Wallerstein 1980, 1988; Frank 1966, 1978). What has not been explained is the function of terrorism during the emergence and development of capitalism and why it has persisted in the global system. This book fills the gap in our understanding of all forms of terrorism so that we can develop research-based policy measures that can help address this lethal global phenomenon and social “cancer.”