Abstract
The story of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT) is a history of conversations—conversations among theologians and social movements committed to the liberation of the oppressed. These conversations were to seek ways of how the realm of faith intervenes to change the world where death and destruction define the structures and systems of governance. The conversation that EATWOT has been involved in is informed by a profound awareness of the presence of God in the struggles of the poor and the marginalized to protect life. This view suggests that to become a witness of God, who is the ultimate source of life, believers are called for radical intervention against death-dealing systems. EATWOT conversations are informed by this demand of faith.
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Notes
Virginia Fabella, Beyond Bonding: A Third World Women’s Theological Journey (Manila: EATWOT and The Institute of Women’s Studies, 1993).
Other accounts include O. K. Bimwenyi, “The Origin of EATWOT,” in Voices from the Third World 4, no.2 (December 1981)
Enrique Dussel, “Theologies of the Periphery and the Centre: Encounter or Confrontation?” in Different Theologies, Common Responsibility: Babel or Pentecost, ed. Claude Geffre, G. Gutierrez and V. Elizondo (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1984)
D. S. Amalorpavadass, “News and Comments: Ecumenical Dialogue of Third World Theologians,” Indian Theological Studies 14, no. 4 (December 1977)
Sergio Torres Gonzalez, “Dar es Salaam 1976,” in What Are Third World Theologies: Convergences and “Differences”, ed. Leonardo Boff and V. Elizondo (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988)
Franklyn J. Balasundaram, EATWOT in Asia: Towards a Relevant Theology (Bangalore: Asia Trading Corporation, 1993)
Samuel Rayan “The Irruption of the Third World: A Challenge to Theology,” Vidyajoti: Journal of Theological Reflection 46, no. 3 (March 1982): 108–109.
Samuel Rayan, “The Irruption of the Third World: A Challenge to Theology,” Vidyajoti: Journal of Theological Reflection 46, no. 3 (March 1982): 108.
Malcolm X, “Message to the Grass Roots,” in Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements, ed. George Breitman (New York: Merit Publishers, 1965), 5.
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Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa (New York: First Mariner Books, 1999), 166
quoted by VijayPrashad, in The Darker Nations: A People’s History of the Third World (New York: The New Press, 2007), 17–18.
During the 1900 Pan-African Congress in London, W. E. B. Dubois observed that the “problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color lines,” in Prashad, The Darker Nations, 23.
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The infamous British colonialist Cecil Rhodes, who named Rhodesia (present Zimbabwe) after himself, explained the fundamental arrangement of the international division of labor: “We must find new lands from which we can easily obtain raw materials and at the same time exploit the cheap slave labour that is available from the natives of the colonies. The colonies would also provide a dumping ground for the surplus goods produced in our factories,” quoted by Edward Smith, in “Development as Colonialism,” in The Case against the Global “Economy: And for a Turn Towards the Local”, ed. Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1996), 254.
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Gutierrez observed that “the figures of Camilo Torres and ‘Che’ Guevara set an indelible seal on the process of liberation in Latin America and had a decisive influence in certain Christian circles,” in The Power of the Poor inHistory (London: SCM Press, 1983), 41.
The seminal work of Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, was published in Spanish in 1971 and appeared in English in 1973. But he employed liberation as a theological term in a lecture given to the priests and laity in July 21–25, 1968, in Peru, as a preparation for the Medellin Conference. His lecture was titled “Towards a Theology of Liberation.”
Rosino Gibellini, The Liberation Theology Debate (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1988), 8.
Franz J. Hinkelammert, “Taking Stock of Latin American Liberation Theology Today,” Voices from the Third World 19, no 2 (December 1996): 47–48.
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James H. Cone, Black Theology and Black Power (New York: Harper and Row, 1969), 73.
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Basil Moore, “Black Theology Revisited,” Voices from the Third World 19, no. 2 (December 1996): 9.
Takatso Mofokeng, The Crucified among the Cross Bearers: Towards a Black Christology (Kampen: J. H. Kok, 1983)
quoted by Basil Moore, in “Black Theology Revisited,” Voices from the Third World 19, no 2 (December 1996): 10.
James H. Cone, “The Vocation of a Theologian,” in Living Stones in the Household of God: The Legacy and Future of Black Theology, ed. Linda E. Thomas (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004), 210.
James H. Cone, “From Geneva to Sao Paulo: A Dialogue between Black Theology and Latin American Liberation Theology,” in The Challenge of Basic Christian Communities, ed. Sergio Torres and John Eagleson (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1982), 266–67.
James H. Cone, “Black and African Theologies: A Consultation,” in Christianity and Crisis (March 3, 1975): 50.
Before the Ghana consultation, the National Conference of Black Churchmen and the Christian Council of Tanzania organized a similar consultation in Dar es Salaam in August 1971. The reports of this consultation along with the papers presented are published under the title Black Faith and Black Solidarity, ed. Priscilla Massie (New York: Friendship Press, 1973).
For the detailed report, see Sergio Torres and John Eagleson, eds., Theologies in the Americas (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1976).
Marion Levy, “Social Patterns (Structures) and Problems of Modernization,” in Readings on Social Change, ed. Wilbert Moore and Robert M. Cook (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967), 189–208
W. W. Rostow, “The Takeoff into Self-Sustained Growth,” in Social Change, ed. Amitai Etzioni and Eva Etzioni (New York: Basic Books, 1964), 285–300.
For a summary ofvarious debates on modernity, see Alvin Y So, Social Change and Development: Modernization, Dependency, and World-System Theories (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1990), 17–87.
For a detailed account of the imperialist involvement in placing military rule, see John Perkins, Confessions of an Economic Hit Man (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2004).
“Statement by Enrique Dussel,” in Theology in the Americas, ed. Sergio Torres and John Eagleson (New York: Orbis Books, 1976), 288.
Maria Clara Lucchetti Bingemer, “Third World Theologies: Conversion to Others,” in Third World Theologies: Commonalities and Divergences, ed. K. C. Abraham (Thiruvalla: CSS Books, 1995), viri.
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© 2015 M. P. Joseph
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Joseph, M.P. (2015). Conversation among the Margins. In: Theologies of the Non-Person. Palgrave Macmillan’s Christianities of the World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137550545_1
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