Abstract
What is an Indian in the American context if not a historical misnomer, as Marisa Belausteguigoitia rightly points out in her keyword entry? Though the generic categories of “Indian” and “indio” misidentified the subjects these words meant to designate, these two terms (by no means identical in historical trajectory or contemporary discursive meaning) have nevertheless hailed indigenous peoples into ontological and epistemological being for over five hundred years. Belausteguigoitia reminds us that throughout the centuries, indigenous voices have called out to nonindigenous peoples to listen and have often met with misapprehension, as modes of colonial domination and cultural barriers prohibited translation in many ways. The terms “Indian” and “indio” were “infelicitous” or “misfired” performative speech acts, in J. L. Austin’s sense of performative utterances, in that they wildly missed the geographic target they were meant to hit. Yet, these performative utterances were wildly successful, in that they have hailed millions of indigenous subjects of the Americas into consciousness, into political awareness, into direct action, and into local, national, and global identification in a multitude of ways over the course of five centuries. As with all other forms of transculturation since the onset of colonialism in the Americas, indigenous peoples have reconstituted the colonial meaning of “Indian” and “indio” to suit their political purposes by answering these colonial performative utterances with their own llamado.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Works Cited and Further Reading
Adorno, Rolena. 2007. The Polemics of Possession in Spanish American Narrative. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Austin, John L. 1975. How to Do Things with Words, edited by J. O. Ormson and Marina Sbisá. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Barre, Marie-Chantal. 1983. Ideologías indigenistas y movimientos indios. Mexico, DF: Siglo Veintiuno.
Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo. 1996. México profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization, translated by Phillip A. Dennis. Austin: University of Texas Press, Institute of Latin American Studies.
De Las Casas, Bartolomé. 1992. In Defense of the Indians, translated and edited by Stafford Poole. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
Díaz Polanco, Héctor. 1997. Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: The Quest for Self-Determination, translated by Lucía Rayas. Latin American Perspectives Series, No. 18. Boulder: Westview Press.
Durand Alcántara, Carlos. 1994. Derechos indios en México … derechos pendientes. Chapingo, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Chapingo.
García Canclini, Néstor. 2005. Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Ginés de Sepúlveda, Juan. 2010. “Demócrates segundo o de las justas causas de la guerra contra los indio,” edited and translated by Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo. Accessed November 15, 2014. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/hist/12593394228031524198624/p0000001.htm.
Hanke, Lewis. 1959. Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World. Don Mills, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, Ltd.
—. 1974. All Mankind Is One: A Study of the Disputation between Bartolomé de las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in 1550 on the Intellectual and Religious Capacity of the American Indians. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
Knight, Alan. 1986. The Mexican Revolution: Volume 2, Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
—. 1990. “Racism, Revolution, and Indigenismo: Mexico, 1910–1940.” In The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940, edited by Richard Graham, 71–113. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Mallón, Florencia. 1995. Peasant and Nation: The Making of Postcolonial Mexico and Peru. Berkeley: University of California Press.
McKeon, Richard, ed. 1941. The Basic Works of Aristotle. New York: Random House.
Saldaña-Portillo, María Josefina. 2003. The Revolutionary Imagination in the Americas and the Age of Development. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Womack, John, Jr. 1969. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2016 María Josefina Saldaña-Portillo
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saldaña-Portillo, M.J. (2016). Indigenismo as Nationalism: From the Liberal to the Revolutionary Era. In: Martínez-San Miguel, Y., Sifuentes-Jáuregui, B., Belausteguigoitia, M. (eds) Critical Terms in Caribbean and Latin American Thought. New Directions in Latino American Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137547903_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137547903_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-55764-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-54790-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)