Skip to main content

A Tentative Conclusion: The Pulse of Our Times

  • Chapter
Therapy and Emotions in Film and Television
  • 428 Accesses

Abstract

In this collected volume we argue that films and television series are a privileged means for taking The Pulse of Our Times, because they reveal the shifts in our emotional preferences, conventions, and ‘emotional regimes’. Films allow us to discern what is time honored about emotions and what is historically contingent. By their thematic choices, their preferences for specific genres and their decisions about editing and actors, films convey information about tastes and preoccupations at a given period in time. In this respect the shift in genres from the comedies of the 1950s–1970s to the crime fiction of the 2000s, and the movies on zombies, wars, and snipers are telling. The emotional climate shifted from utopian to dystopian scenarios, from forward looking to disillusioned views, from self-enjoying, happy, and youthful comedies to ‘breaking bad’, and struggle for survival. There is a remarkable discrepancy between the factual living conditions of people, which improved since the 1950s, and the general dystopia portrayed in fiction. While movies on the vacation topic from the 1960s to the 1980s depicted a world that people desired and could aspire to, the ever more realistic and violent crime fiction, which is favored in the 2000s, depicts part of the reality that people cannot escape. The hyper-realistic crime fiction serials cater to the need to spice up reality. For instance, The Wire is said to be addictive, ‘absorbing’, ‘challenging and gratifying’ (Williams, 2011: 208). This fiction provides an outlet or a safety valve for all those negative emotions that daily life generates and that are banned from being expressed (Ross, 2014).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen, M. (2007). Reading CSI: Crime TV Under the Microscope. London: I. B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez, R. (2004). The Wire. Truth be told. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, S. W., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. (1999). ‘Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in the human prefrontal cortex’, Nature Neuroscience, 2 (11), 1032–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. (1997). ‘Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy’, Science, 275 (5304), 1293–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beilenson, P. L. & McGuire, P. A. (2012). Tapping into The Wire: The Real Urban Crisis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, B. C. & Singer, T. (2012). ‘The neural basis of empathy’, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35, 1–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biess, F. & Gross, D. M. (2014). Science and Emotions After 1945: A Transatlantic Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Biressi, A. (2001). Crime, Fear, and the Law in True Crime Stories. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, P. (2010). How Pleasure Works: The New Science of Why We Like What We Like (1st edition). New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). ‘Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing’, Emotion, 1 (3), 276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, G. W. (1993). British Television Drama in the 1980s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D., Lauricella, S., Douai, A., & Zaidi, A. (2012). ‘Consuming television crime drama: A uses and gratifications approach’, American Communication Journal, 14 (1), 47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. (2013). ‘Introduction to TV’s The Wire’, Labor, 10 (1), 9–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burston, P., Nfa, P. B., & Richardson, C. (2005). A Queer Romance: Lesbians, Gay Men and Popular Culture. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J. T. & Gardner, W. L. (1999). ‘Emotion’, Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 191–214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaddha, A. & Wilson, W. J. (2011). ‘“Way Down in the Hole”: Systemic urban inequality and The Wire’, Critical Inquiry, 38 (1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y.-K. (2005). ‘Through queers’ eyes: Critical educational ethnography in queer studies’, The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 27 (2), 171–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, P. & Cadogan, M. (1981). The Lady Investigates: Women Detectives and Spies in Fiction. Michigan: Victor Gollancz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Putnam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. R. (2003). Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain. Orlando, FL: Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decety, J. (2010). The Neurodevelopment of Empathy in Humans. Developmental Neuroscience, 32 (4), 257–267.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • de Gelder, B., Böcker, K. B., Tuomainen, J., Hensen, M., & Vroomen, J. (1999). ‘The combined perception of emotion from voice and face: Early interaction revealed by human electric brain responses’, Neuroscience Letters, 260 (2), 133–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Vignemont, F. & Singer, T. (2006). ‘The empathic brain: how, when and why?’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10 (10), 435–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, K. & Crummey, N. (2015). The Wire in the College Classroom: Pedagogical Approaches in the Humanities. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, T. (2003). From Passions to Emotions: The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dunleavy, T. (2009). Television Drama: Form, Agency, Innovation. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire England; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fassin, D. (2014). ‘True life, real lives: Revisiting the boundaries between ethnography and fiction’, American Ethnologist, 41 (1), 40–55. doi: 10.2307/24027562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, C. J. (2014). Does Media Violence Predict Societal Violence? It Depends on What you Look at and When. Journal of Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, M. & Cavender, G. (1998). Entertaining Crime: Television Reality Programs. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, E. (2008). Emotion Science: Cognitive and Neuroscientific Approaches to Understanding Human Emotions. Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, J. L. (2002). Media violence and its effect on aggression: assessing the scientific evidence. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frevert, U., Scheer, M., Schmidt, A., Eitler, P., Hitzer, B., Verheyen, N., Gammerl, B., Bailey, C., & Pernau, M. (2014). Emotional Lexicons: Continuity and Change in the Vocabulary of Feeling 1700–2000 (1st edition). Oxford, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2004). ‘A unifying view of the basis of social cognition’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8 (9), 396–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gammerl, B. (2012). ‘Emotional styles — concepts and challenges’, Rethinking History, 16 (2), 161–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer, G. (2007). Gut feelings: The Intelligence of the Unconscious. New York: Viking.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golby, A. J., Gabrieli, J. D., Chiao, J. Y., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2001). ‘Differential responses in the fusiform region to same-race and other-race faces’, Nature Neuroscience, 4 (8), 845–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • González, A. M. (2012). The Emotions and Cultural Analysis. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. & Haidt, J. (2003). ‘How (and where) does moral judgement work?’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 517–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grodal, T. K. (1997). Moving Pictures: A New Theory of Film Genres, Feelings, and Cognition. Oxford, New York: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grodal, T. K. (2009). Embodied Visions: Evolution, Emotion, Culture, and Film. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. (2001). ‘The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment’, Psychological Review, 108 (4), 814–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, A. R. (2003). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (20th anniversary edition). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Illouz, E. (2008). Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-help. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, T. A., Larsen, J. T., Smith, N. K., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1998). ‘Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (4), 887.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeannerod, M. & Decety, J. (1995). ‘Mental motor imagery: A window into the representational stages of action’, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5 (6), 727–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kestner, J. A. (2003). Sherlock’s Sisters: The British Female Detective, 1864–1913. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, C. (2010). ‘Producing absolute truth: CSI science as wishful thinking’, American Anthropologist, 112 (1), 79–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1548–1433.2009.01198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). ‘Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain’, Neuroimage, 54 (3), 2492–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. S., & Jewett, R. (2002). The myth of the American superhero. Grand Rapids, Michigan: W.B. Erdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leishman, F. & Mason, P. (2003). Policing and the Media: Facts, Fictions and Factions. Cullompton, Devon, Portland, OR: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, M. D., Hariri, A., Jarcho, J. M., Eisenberger, N. I., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2005). ‘An fMRI investigation of race-related amygdala activity in African-American and Caucasian-American individuals’, Nature Neuroscience, 8 (6), 720–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, C. & Abu-Lughod, L. (1990). Language and the Politics of Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matt, S. J. (2011). ‘Current emotion research in history: Or, doing history from the inside out’, Emotion Review, 3 (1), 117–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayes, T. (2002). Restraint Or Revelation? Free Speech and Privacy in a Confessional Age. London: Spiked.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittell, J. (2009). All in the Game: The Wire, Serial Storytelling and Procedural Logic in N. Wardrip-Fruin & P. Harrigan (Eds), Third Person: Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives (pp. 429–38 ). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, S. (2010). About Faces. Physiognomy in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, T. & Marshall, C. W. (2009). The Wire: Urban Decay and American Television. New York: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, W. M. (2001). The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, W. M. (2009). ‘Historical research on the self and emotions’, Emotion Review, 1 (4), 302–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenwein, B. (2002). ‘Worrying about emotions in history’, American Historical Review, 107 (3), 821–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, J. (2014). ‘Teaching scholarship through a seminar on The Wire’, Journal of Legal Education, 64 (1), 123–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaub, J. C. (2010). ‘The Wire: Big brother is not watching you in body-more, murdaland’, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 38 (3), 122–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuker-Haines, T. & Umphrey, M. M. (1998). ‘Gender (de) mystified: Resistance and recuperation in hard-boiled female detective fiction’, Contributions To The Study Of Popular Culture, chapter 7, p. 71–82 in Delamater, J., & Prigozy, R. (Eds), The detective in American fiction, film, and television. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, C. Z. & Stearns, P. N. (1988). Emotion and Social Change: Toward a New Psychohistory. New York: Holmes & Meier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, P. N. (1994). American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-century Emotional Style. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, T. R. (2006). ‘Viewing CSI and the threshold of guilt: Managing truth and justice in reality and fiction’, The Yale Law Journal, 1050–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Stock, J., Righart, R., & De Gelder, B. (2007). ‘Body expressions influence recognition of emotions in the face and voice’, Emotion, 7 (3), 487–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vrticka, P., Lordier, L., Bediou, B., & Sander, D. (2014). ‘Human Amygdala response to dynamic facial expressions of positive and negative surprise’, Emotion, 14 (1), 161–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wassmann, C. (2014). ‘“Picturesque incisiveness”: Explaining the celebrity of James’s Theory of Emotion’, Journal of History of Behavioural Sciences, 50 (2), 166–88. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.21651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L. (2011). ‘Ethnographic imaginary: The genesis and genius of The Wire’, Critical Inquiry, 38 (1), 208–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wundt, W. (1863). Vorlesungen über die Menschen — und Thierseele (Vol. 2 ). Leipzig: L. Voss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wundt, W. (1891). Zur Lehre von den Gemüthsbewegungen. Philosophische Studien, 6, 335–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wundt, W. (1902). Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie ( 5th edition ). Leipzig: W. Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Claudia Wassmann

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wassmann, C. (2015). A Tentative Conclusion: The Pulse of Our Times. In: Wassmann, C. (eds) Therapy and Emotions in Film and Television. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137546821_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics