Skip to main content

Characteristics of Prolonged Social Movements: the Case of Gezi Park Protests

  • Chapter
Contentious Politics in the Middle East

Part of the book series: Middle East Today ((MIET))

  • 465 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter aims to providea theoretical perspective to the fluctuating levels of intensive collective action during contentious social movements. While in some cases there is a gradual decline of protests, in others there is fluctuation and a re-kindling of the protests. This chapter seeks to understand why the Gezi Park protests in Turkey prolonged. The main argument we put forth deals with the temporal dimension of social movements. Specifically, it problematizes the sequential variance of intensity and patterns of escalation and moderation within a social movement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. D. della Porta and M. Diani, Social Movements: An Introduction (Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), 198;

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. McCarthy and C. McPhail, “The Institutionalization of Protest in the United States,” in The Social Movement Society, ed. D. S. Meyer and S. Tarrow (Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. A. J. Waddington, Liberty and Order: Public Order Policing in a Capital City (London: UCL Press, 1994);

    Google Scholar 

  4. della Porta, and Reiter, Policing Protest, D. Schweingruber, “Mob Sociology and Escalated Force: Sociology’s Contribution to Repressive Police Tactics,” Sociological Quarterly 41 (2000): 371–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R. A. Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956);

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. C. Schmitterand T. L. Karl, “What Democracy Is… and Is Not,” Journal of Democracy 2 (1956): 75–88;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Diamond, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. McAdam, Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982);

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. G. Bromley and A. D. Shupe, “Repression and the Decline of Social Movements: The Case of New Religions,” in J Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies, ed. Freeman (New York: Longman, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper, 1942).

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. Zakaria, “Rise of Illiberal Democracy,” The Foreign Affairs 76 (1997): 22–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Carothers, “The End of the Transition Paradigm,” Journal of Democracy 13 (2002): 5–21;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. F. Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Rafail, J. D. McCarthy, and S. A Soule, “Describing and Accounting for the Trends in US Protest Policing, 1960–1995,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 56 (2012): 736–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Tarrow, Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Mass Politics in theModern State (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. McAdam, Political Process; Tarrow, Power in Movement; S. Tarrow, Struggling to Reform: Social Movement and Policy Change During Cycles of Protest. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1983);

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Tarrow, Struggle, Politics, and Reform: Collective Action, Social Movements, and Cycles of Protest (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  18. D. McAdam, S. Tarrow and C. Tilly, Dynamics of Contention. (Cambridge University Press, 2001).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Bennett, “Communicating Global Activism,” Information, Communication & Society 6 (2003): 143–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Hick and J. McNutt, “Communities and Advocacy on the Internet: A Conceptual Framework,” in Advocacy, Activism and the Internet, ed. S. Hick and J. McNutt (Chicago: Lyceum Books, 2002), 8.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Çarko lu, A. Krouwel, and K. Yildirim, “Post-Arab Spring Elections: A Comparison of Voting Advice Application Results,” paper presented at ECPR General Conference, Bordeaux, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  22. K. Leetaru and P. Schrodt, “GDELT: Global Data on Events, Language, and Tone, 1979–2012,” International Studies Association Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Heper, Strong State and Economic Interest Groups: The Post-1980 Turkish Experience (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. R. F. Inglehart, “Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006,” West European Politics 31 (2008): 130–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Tilly, The Contentious French (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986), 2.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Lipsky, “Introduction” in Law and Order: Police Encounters, ed. M. Lipsky (New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1970), 170.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. Tilly, From Mobilization to Revolution (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 106–15.

    Google Scholar 

  28. D. della Porta, Social Movements, PoliticalViolence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. Amnesty International, Gezi Park Protests: Brutal Denial of the Right to Peaceful Assembly in Turkey, 2013. EUR44/022/2013. Accessed at: http://www.amnesty.org.tr/ ai/system/files/GeziParkiEN.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. M. Jasper, The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. Bora, “Sunu : Gezi Direni i: Bir yammiz bahar bahçe…” [Introduction: Gezi Resistance: Our Partial Spring…], Birikim 291/292 (2013): 20.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Fawaz A. Gerges

Copyright information

© 2015 Fawaz A. Gerges

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Altıok-Karşıyaka, B., Yıldırım, K. (2015). Characteristics of Prolonged Social Movements: the Case of Gezi Park Protests. In: Gerges, F.A. (eds) Contentious Politics in the Middle East. Middle East Today. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530868_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics