Abstract
The concept of doping behaviour was initially developed to better understand the way performance enhancing drugs are used, in elite sports and beyond, throughout society (Laure, 1997). If the ability to identify doping behaviour is certainly interesting in itself, especially when it is related to health or social problems, the hypothesis we advocate here is that such behaviour may itself constitute a useful indicator of performance pressure. We indeed believe that the very concept of doping behaviour and subsequent studies of it could prove highly useful to anyone whose aim is to devise better targeted public health policies and campaigns dealing with enhancing drugs, including in narrower contexts like occupational medicine. If a strong causal link can be demonstrated between performance pressure and doping behaviour, this could then lead to policies that focus on the causes rather than on the effects of doping behaviour, probably with greater effectiveness, and maybe also with more justice and compassion towards the consumers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Auge W.K. 2nd and Auge S.M. (1999) ‘Naturalistic observation of athletic drug-use patterns and behavior in professional-caliber bodybuilders’, Substance Use & Misuse , 9, 34(2), 217–49.
Barkoukis V., Lazuras L., Tsorbatzoudis H., Rodafinos A. (2011) ‘Motivational and sportspersonship profiles of elite athletes in relation to doping behaviour’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 12(3), 205–12.
Baumeister R.F. (1984) ‘Choking under pressure: self-conscious and paradoxical effects of incentives on skilful performance’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 610–20.
Beck F., Legleye S., Peretti-Watel P. (2000) Regards sur la fin de l’adolescence. Consommations de produits psychoactifs dans l’enquête ESCAPAD 2000 ( Paris: OFDT ).
Beck F., Legleye S., Peretti-Watel P. (2002) Santé, mode de vie et usages de drogues à 18 ans. Escapad 2001 ( Paris: OFDT).
Beijing Univ. (2005) Unpublished results, http://en.people.cn/200507/17/eng20050717_196544.html
Beilock S.L. and Carr T.H. (2001) ‘On the fragility of skilled performance: what governs choking under pressure’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 701–25.
Brennan B.P., Kanayama G., Hudson J.I., Pope H.G. Jr. (2011) ‘Human growth hormone abuse in male weightlifters’, The American Journal on Addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions, 20 (1), 9–13.
Coombs R.H. and Coombs C.J. (1991) ‘The impact of drug testing on the morale and well-being of mandatory participants’, The International Journal of the Addictions , 26(9), 981–92.
Ferenchick G.S. (1996) ‘Validity of self-report in identifying anabolic steroid use among weightlifters’, Journal of General Internal Medicine , 11(9), 554–6.
Gay V., Houdoyer E., Rouzaud G. (2008) ‘Conduites dopantes en milieu professionnel. Etude sur un échantillon de travailleurs parisiens’, Thérapie, 63, 453–62.
Grignon C. (2000) Les conditions de vie des étudiants: enquête OVE ( Paris: Presses Universitaires de France).
Haguenoer J.M., Hannothiaux M.H., Lahaye-Roussel M.C., Fontaine B., Legrand P.M. (1997) ‘Prévalence des comportements toxicophiles en milieu professionnel: une étude dans la région Nord-Pas de Calais’, Bulletin de l’Ordre des Médecins, 80, 11–5.
Hughes P.H., Brandenburg N., Baldwin D.C., Storr C.L., Williams K.M. (1992) ‘Prevalence of substance use among US physicians’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 17, 2333–9.
Korkia P. and Stimson G.V. (1997) ‘Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain’, International Journal of Sports Medicine , 18(7), 557–62.
Labat L., Fontaine B., Delzenne C., Doublet A., Marek M.C., Tellier D., Tonneau M., Lhermitte M., Frimat P. (2008) ‘Prevalence of psychoactive substances in truck drivers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (France)’, Forensic Science International, 174, 90–4.
Lapeyre-Mestre M., Sulem P., Niezborala M., Ngoundo-Mbongue T.B., Briand Vincens D., Jansou P., Bancarel Y., Chastan E., Montastruc J.L. (2004) ‘Conduite dopante en milieu professionnel: étude auprès d’un échantillon de 2106 travailleurs de la région toulousaine’, Thérapie, 59, 615–23.
Laure P. (1998) ‘Enquête sur les usagers de l’automédication: de la maladie à la performance’, Thérapie, 53, 127–35.
Laure P. (1997) Les gélules de la performance ( Paris: Ellipses).
Laure P. (2000) Dopage et société ( Paris: Ellipses).
Laure P. (2004) ‘The prevention of doping in sport: protecting adolescent athletes’, in Hoberman J.M. and Møller V. (eds) Doping and Public Policy ( Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark ), pp. 125–32.
Laure P. (2007) ‘Dopage et conduites dopantes. Ou la quête du Graal des années 1950 à nos jours’, in Tétart P. and Milza P. (eds) Histoire du sport en France. De la Libération à nos jours (Paris: Musée national du sport, Vuibert ), pp. 275–86.
Laure P. (2010) ‘Die Prävention von Dopingmentalität: der Weg über dir Erziehung’, in Dannenmann F., Meutgens R., Singler A. (eds) Sportpädagogik als humanistische Herausforderung ( Aachen: Shaker-Verlag ), pp. 275–88.
Laure P. and Binsinger C. (2007) ‘Doping prevalence among preadolescent athletes: a 4-year follow-up’, British Journal of Sports Medicine , 41(10), 660–3.
Laure P., Lecerf T., Friser A., Binsinger C. (2004) ‘Drugs, recreational drug use and attitudes towards doping of high school athletes’, International Journal of Sports Medicine , 25(2), 133–8.
Lazarus R.S. and Folkman S. (1984) Stress, Appraisal, and Coping ( New York: Springer Publishing Company).
Lentillon-Kaestner V. and Ohl F. (2011) ‘Can we measure accurately the prevalence of doping?’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(6), e132–42.
Mattila V.M., Rimpela A., Jormanainen V., Sahi T., Pihlajamaki H. (2010) ‘Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among young Finnish males’, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports , 20(2), 330–5.
Melia P., Pipe A., Greenberg L. (1996) ‘The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids by Canadian students’, Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine , 6(1), 9–14.
Ministère de la Santé, de la Jeunesse, des Sports et de la Vie Associative (2008) Comment prévenir les conduites dopantes? ( Paris: Ministère de la Santé, de la Jeunesse, des Sports et de la Vie Associative).
Niezborala M. et al. (2006) ‘Conduite dopante en milieu professionnel: étude auprès de 2 106 travailleurs de la région toulousaine’, Archives des MaladiesProfessionnelles et de l’Environnement, 67(2), 215.
O’Farrell T.J., Fals-Stewart W., Murphy M. (2003) ‘Concurrent validity of a brief self-report Drug Use Frequency measure’, Addictive Behaviors , 28(2), 327–37.
Ouédraogo M., Goumbri W.B.F., Ouédraogo M., Liliou A.F., Guissou I.P. (2011) ‘Conduites dopantes dans le sport au Burkina Faso: connaissances, attitudes et pratiques’, Science & Sports , 26(1), 25–31.
Papadopoulos F.C., Skalkidis I., Parkkari J., Petridou E, ‘Sport Injuries’ European Union Group (2006) ‘Doping use among tertiary education students in six developed countries’, European Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 307–13.
Petroczi A., Uvacsek M., Nepusz T., Deshmukh N., Shah I., Aidman E.V., Barker J., Toth M., Naughton D.P. (2011) ‘Incongruence in doping related attitudes, beliefs and opinions in the context of discordant behavioural data: in which measure do we trust?’, PLoS One, 6(4), e18804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018804
Pidetcha P., Congpuong P., Putriprawan T., Rekakanakul R., Suwanton L. (1995) ‘Screening for urinary amphetamine in truck drivers and drug addicts’, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 78, 554–8.
Pillard F., Grosclaude P., Navarro F., Godeau E., Rivière D. (2002) ‘Pratique sportive et conduite dopante d’un échantillon représentatif des élèves de Midi-Pyrénées’, Science & Sports , 17(1), 8–16.
Ponnelle S., Vaxevanoglou X. (1998) ‘Le stress au quotidien: les sapeurs-pompiers en intervention’, Archives des Maladies Professionnelles, 59, 190–9.
Röggla G., Röggla M., Zeiner A., Röggla H., Deusch E., Wagner A., Hibler A., Haber P., Laggner A.N. (1993) ‘Amphetamine doping in leisure-time mountain climbing at a medium altitude in the Alps’, Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin 41 (3), 103–5.
Scarpino V., Arrigo A., Benzi G., Garattini S., La Vecchia C., Bernardi L.R., Silvestrini G., Tuccimei G. et al. (1990) ‘Evaluation of prevalence of “doping” among Italian athletes’, Lancet , 336(8722), 1048–50.
Secades-Villa R. and Fernandez-Hermida J.R. (2003) ‘The validity of self-reports in a follow-up study with drug addicts’, Addictive Behaviors , 28(6), 1175–82.
Simon P., Striegel H., Aust F., Dietz K., Ulrich R. (2005) ‘Doping in fitness sports: estimated number of unreported cases and individual probability of doping’, Addiction, 10, 1640–4.
Striegel H., Ulrich R. and Simon P. (2010) ‘Randomized response estimates for doping and illicit drug use in elite athletes’, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 106(2–3), 230–2.
Tanner S.M., Miller D.W. and Alongi C. (1995) ‘Anabolic steroid use by adolescents: prevalence, motives, and knowledge of risks’, Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 5 (2), 108–15.
Valois P., Buist A., Goulet C., Côté M. (2002) La performance sans drogue. Étude de l’éthique, du dopage et de certaines habitudes de vie chez des sportifs québécois ( Québec: Secrétariat au Loisir et au Sport).
Wanjek B., Rosendal J., Strauss B.M., Gabriel H.H.W. (2007) ‘Doping, drugs and drug abuse among adolescents in the State of Thuringia (Germany): prevalence, knowledge and attitudes’, International Journal of Sports Medicine , 28(4), 346–53.
Wichstrom L. and Pedersen W. (2001) ‘Use of anabolic-androgenic steroids in adolescence: winning, looking good or being bad?’, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 62, 5–13.
World Anti-Doping Agency (2009) World Anti-Doping Code ( Montreal: World Anti-Doping Agency).
Yesalis C.E., Barzukiewicz C.K., Kopstein A.N., Bahrke M.S. (1997) ‘Trends in anabolic-androgenic steroid use among adolescents’, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 151(12), 1197–206.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Patrick Laure and Sylvie Allouche
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laure, P., Allouche, S. (2015). Doping Behaviour as an Indicator of Performance Pressure. In: Bateman, S., Gayon, J., Allouche, S., Goffette, J., Marzano, M. (eds) Inquiring into Human Enhancement. Health, Technology and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530073_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530073_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-56354-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53007-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)