Abstract
The abbreviation of the expression ‘Brain Machine Interface’ (BMI), represents a popular research area generating media excitement over a great number of promising applications. Even though medical applications are the most researched, the decision makers in the world of industry (including those interested in military applications), entertainment, security, and so on, are not simply observing what is happening in this field but are also investing in their own research. In fact, science fiction has often preceded scientists and engineers in imagining the technologies of the future. For example, what from the Star Trek television series of the 1960s can still be considered an improbable or unbelievable image, other than the presence on board of Mr Spock, a scientist who was a hybrid of the human and Vulcan species? The image of Captain Kirk talking to Dr McCoy through his mobile phone has already become a trivial, even a troubling picture of daily life. Robot factories may not be visible to everyone but they mass produce, maybe not the clever R2-D2 or C-3PO droids of the film Star Wars , but powerful, precise, high speed manipulators that can increase production while decreasing the necessary manpower.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Birbaumer N., Ghanayim N., Hinterberger T., Iversen I., Kotchoubey B., Kübler A., Perelmouter J., Taub E. and Flor H. (1999) ‘A spelling device for the paralysed’, Nature, 398, 297–8.
Berger T.W., Hampson R.E., Song D., Goonawardena A., Marmarelis V.Z. and Deadwhyler S.A. (2011) ‘A cortical neural prosthesis for restoring and enhancing memory’, Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(046017), 1–11, doi:10.1088/1741–2560/8/4/046017.
Botvinick M. and Cohen J. (1998) ‘Rubber hands “feel” touch that eyes see’, Nature, 391, 756.
Brown E.N., Kass R.E. and Mitra P.P. (2004) ‘Multiple neural spike train data anal-ysis: state-of-the-art and futur challenges’, Nature Neuroscience, 7 (5), 456–61.
Carmena J.M., Lebedev M.A., Crist R.E., O’Doherty J.E., Santucci D.M., Dimitrov D., Patil P.G., Henriquez C.S. and Nicolelis M.A. (2003) ‘Learning to control a brain–machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates’, PLoS Biology, 1, 193–208.
Chapin J.K., Moxon K.A., Markowitz R.S. and Nicolelis M.A. (1999) ‘Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex’, Natural Neuroscience, 2 (7), 664–70.
Costantini M. and Haggard P. (2007) ‘The rubber hand illusion: sensitivity and reference frame for body ownership’, Consciousness and Cognition , 16, 229–40.
Fetz E.E. and Finocchio D.V. (1975) ‘Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns’, Experimental Brain Research, 23, 217–24.
Fetz E.E. (2007) ‘Volitional control of neural activity: implication for brain– computer interfaces’, Journal of Physiology , 579(3), 571–9.
Fisher R.,Salanova V., Witt T., Worth R., Henry T., Gross R., Oommen K., Osorio I., Nazzaro J., Labar D., Kaplitt M., Sperling M., Sandok E., Neal J., Handforth A., Stern J., DeSalles A., Chung S., Shetter A, Bergen D., Bakay R., Henderson J., French J., Baltuch G., Rosenfeld W., Youkilis A., Marks W., Garcia P., Barbaro N., Fountain N., Bazil C., Goodman R., McKhann G., Krishnamurthy K.B., Papavassiliou S., Epstein C., Pollard J., Tonder L., Grebin J., Coffey R., Graves N. and the SANTE Study Group. (2010) ‘Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy’, Epilepsia, 51(5), 899–908.
Gallagher S. (2005) How the Body Shapes the Mind ( Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Georgopoulos A.P., Kettner R.E. and Schwartz A.B. (1988) ‘Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population’, Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 2928–37.
Goffette J. (2010) ‘Quelques pas théoriques vers une psychogenèse du corps’, L’Évolution Psychiatrique , 75(3), 353–69.
Grau C., Ginhoux R., Riera A., Nguyen T.L., Chauvat H., Michel B., Amengual J.L., Pascual-Leone A. and Ruffini G. (2014) ‘Conscious Brain-to-Brain Communication in Humans Using Non-Invasive Technologies’, PLoS ONE 9(8): e105225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105225
Head H. and Holmes G. (1911) ‘Sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions’, Brain, 34(2–3), 102–254.
Héliot R. and Carmena J.M. (2010) ‘Brain–Machine Interfaces’, Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 221–5.
Hochberg L.R., Bacher D., Jarosiewicz B., Masse N.Y., Simeral J.D., Vogel J., Haddadin S., Liu J., Sydney S.C., van der Smagt P. and Donoghue J.P. (2012) ‘Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm’, Nature, 485, 372–5.
Hodgkin A.L. and Huxley A.F. (1952) ‘A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve’, Journal of Physiology , 117, 500–544.
Hottois G. (2002), Species Technica ( Paris: Vrin).
Husserl E. (1989) ‘Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy’, in Second Book: Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution (Husserliana: Edmund Husserl Collected Works) ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers).
Jonas H. (1979) The Imperative of Responsibility. In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age, translation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985 ).
Kalman, R.E. (1960) ‘A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems’, Journal of Basic Engineering , 82(1), 35–45.
Lebedev M.A., Carmena J.M., O’Doherty J.E., Zacksenhouse M., Henriquez C.S., Principe J.C. and Nicolelis M.A. (2005) ‘Cortical ensemble adaptation to represent velocity of an artificial actuator controlled by a brain–machine interface’, Journal of Neuroscience , 25(19), 4681–93.
Lhermitte J. (1939) L’image de notre corps ( Paris: L’Harmattan).
Luzheng Bi, Xin-An Fan and Yili Liu (2013) ‘EEG-based brain controlled mobile robots: a survey’, IEEE Transactions on Human –Machine Syste ms, 43(2), 161–176.
Maier M.A., Bennett K.M., Hepp-Reymond M.C. and Lemon R.N. (1993) ‘Contribution of the monkey corticomotoneuronal system to the control of force in precision grip’, Journal of Neurophysiology , 69(3), 772–85.
Maine de Biran P. (1859) ‘Essai sur les fondements de la psychologie’, in Œuvres inédites, 1 ( Paris: Dezobry, Magdeleine ).
McClelland J.L., Rumelhart D.E. and the PDP research group (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing ( Cambridge MA: The MIT Press).
McCulloch W.S. and Pitts W.H. (1943) ‘A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity’, Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, 115–33.
Merleau-Ponty (2002) Phenomenology of Perception , 2nd edn (New York: Routledge). [First French edition: Paris: NRF, Gallimard, 1945.]
Musallam S.,Corneil B.D., Greger B., Scherberger H. and Andersen R.A. (2004) ‘Cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics’, Science , 305(3681), 258–62.
Nicolelis M.A. (2011) Beyond Boundaries: The New Neuroscience of Connecting Brains with Machines and How It Will Change our Lives (New York: Henry Holt & Co., LLC).
Peckham P.H. and Knutson J.S., (2005) ‘Functional electrical stimulation for neuromuscular applications’, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 7: 327–60.
Pine J. (2006) ‘A history of MEA development’, Advance in Network Electrophysiology, I, 3–23, doi: 10.1007/0–387–25858–2_1.
Rao R.P.N., Stocco A., Bryan M., Sarma D., Youngquist T.M., Wu J. and Prat C.S. (2014) ‘A Direct Brain-to-Brain Interface in Humans’. PLoS ONE 9(11): e1 11332. doi:10.13 71 /j ournal.pone.0111332
Raspopovic S., Capogrosso M., Petrini M.F., Bonizzato M., Rigosa J., Di Pino G., Carpaneto J., Controzzi M., Boretius T., Fernandez E., Granata G., Oddo C.M., Citi L., Ciancio A.L., Cipriani C., Carrozza M.C., Jensen W., Guglielmelli E., Stieglitz T., Rossini P.M. and Micera S., (2014) ‘Restoring Natural Sensory Feedback in Real-Time Bidirectional Hand Prostheses’, Science Translational Medicine 6, 222ra19.
Rickert J., Cardoso de Oliveira S., Vaadia E., Aertsen A. and Rotter S., (2005) ‘Encoding of movement direction in different frequency ranges of motor cortical local field potentials’, Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 8815–24.
Ouanezar S., Eskiizmirliler S. and Maier M. (2011) ‘Asynchronous decoding of finger position and of EMG during precision grip using CM cell activity: application to robot control’, Journal of Integrative Neuroscience , 10(4), 489–511, DOI: 10.1142/S0219635211002853.
Schilder, P. (1935) Image and Appearance of the Human Body: Studies in the Constructive Energies of the Psyche. Psyche Monographs, 4, 1st edn (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.).
Schmidt E.M. (1980) ‘Single neuron recording from motor cortex as a possible source of signals for control of external devices’, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 8, 339–49.
Schwartz A.B., Kettner R.E. and Georgopoulos A.P. (1988) ‘Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of movement’, Journal of Neuroscience , 8(8), 2913–27.
Schwartz A.B., Cui X.T., Weber D.J. and Moran D.W. (2006) ‘Brain-controlled interfaces: movement restoration with neural prosthetics’, Neuron, 52, 205–20.
Sloterdijk P. (2000) La domestication de l’être ( Paris: Mille et une nuits).
Thomas C.A., Springer P.A., Loeb G.E., Berwald-Netter Y. and Okun L.M. (1972) ‘A miniature microelectrode array to monitor the bioelectric activity of cultured cells’, Experimental Cell Research, 74, 61–6.
Velliste M., Perel S., Spalding M.C., Whitford A.S. and Schwartz A.B. (2008) ‘Cortical control of a prosthetic arm of self-feeding’, Nature, 453, 1098–101.
de Vignemont F. (2011) ‘Embodiment, ownership and disownership’, Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 82–93.
Wallon H. (1934) Les origines du caractère chez l’enfant, 5th edn ( Paris: PUF).
Welter M.L., Houeto J.L., Tezenas du Montcel S. et al. (2002) ‘Clinical predictive factors of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease’, Brain, 125, 575–83.
Wessberg J., Stambaugh C.R., Kralik J.D., Beck P.D., Laubach M., Chapin J.K., Kim J., Biggs S.J., Srinivasan M.A. and Nicolelis M.A. (2000) ‘Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates’, Nature, 408, 361–5.
Wolfe B. (1952) Limbo ( New York: Random House).
Wolpaw J.R., Birbaumer N., McFarland D.J., Pfurtscheller G., and Vaughan T.M. (2002) ‘Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control’, Clinical Neurophysiology, 113, 767–91.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Selim Eskiizmirliler and Jérôme Goffette
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eskiizmirliler, S., Goffette, J. (2015). Brain–Machine Interface (BMI) as a Tool for Understanding Human–Machine Cooperation. In: Bateman, S., Gayon, J., Allouche, S., Goffette, J., Marzano, M. (eds) Inquiring into Human Enhancement. Health, Technology and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530073_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530073_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-56354-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53007-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)