Skip to main content

Conflict, Governance, and Decentralized Authority in Syria

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: The Modern Muslim World ((MMUS))

Abstract

The Arab uprisings have generated a tremendous amount of political turmoil in the region. The uprisings occurred within the context of the ongoing American-led occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan, a stalled negotiation between the West and Iran over the latter’s nuclear program, and continued stalemate on the Palestinian-Israeli peace front. There was initial optimism that the uprisings would prove as a catalyst toward resolution of long-standing regional issues, or, at the very least, lead to transition governments in the Arab World that would begin to shake-up the political status quo. As events unfolded in Tunisia and Egypt, and uprisings in Libya, Bahrain, and Syria became increasingly violent, such optimism quickly turned to cynicism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbas, H. (2011) The Dynamics of the Uprising in Syria, October 19, 2011, available at: http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/2906/the-dynam-ics-of-the-uprising-in-syria, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Abboud, S. (2012) Fragmentation in the Syrian Opposition. Orient. 3, 64–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Arabiya News (2012) Syrian Civil War Creates “Mosaic” Economy, December 11, 2012, available at: http://english.alarabiya.net/arti-cles/2012/12/11/254453.html, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Al-Ayed, A. (2015) Tribal Matters—Are Syria’s Tribes Being Radicalised? January 2015, available at: http://www.arab-reform.net/tribal-matters-are-syria’s-tribes-being-radicalised, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Baczko, A. et al. (2013) The Civilian Administration of the Insurgency in Aleppo, October 24, 2013, available at: http://www.noria-research.com/2013/10/24/the-civilian-administration-of-the-insurgency-in-aleppo/, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Bakonyi, J. and K. Stuvøy (2005) Violence and Social Order beyond the State: Somalia & Angola. Review of African Political Economy. 104 (5), 359–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, A. et al. (2013) Contested Authorities Alternatives to State Law and Order in Post-Conflict Guatamela. Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution. 5 (3), 48–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahi, O. and Y. Munif (2012) Revolts in Syria: Tracking the Convergence between Authoritarianism and Neoliberalism. Journal of Asian and African Studies. 47 (4), 323–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Daily Star (2014) General Strike Challenges ISIS in Aleppo Town, May 19, 2014, available at: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/May-19/256939-general-strike-challenges-isis-in-aleppo-town.ashx, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Droz-Vincent, P. (2014) “State of Barbary” (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria. Middle East Journal. 68 (1), 33–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad, B. (2012) Syria’s Stalemate: The Limits of Regime Resilience. Middle East Policy. 19 (1), 85–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hokayem, E. (2014) Iran, the Gulf States and the Syrian Civil War. Adelphi Papers. 54 (447–448), 39–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail, S. (2011) The Syrian Uprising: Imagining and Performing the Nation. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism. 11 (3), 538–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khoury, D. (2013) Losing the Syrian Grassroots: Local Governance Structures Urgently Need Support. SWP Comments. 9, available at: http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2013C09_kou.pdf.

  • Laudati, A. (2013) Beyond Minerals: Broadening “Economies of Violence” in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Review of African Political Economy. 40 (135), 32–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, R. (2012) Collective Action and Mobilization in Dar’a: An Anatomy of the Onset of Syria’s Popular Uprising. Mobilization. 17 (4), 419–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, R. and S. Heydemann (2012) Popular Mobilization in Syria: Opportunity and Threat, and the Social Networks of the Early Risers. Mediterranean Politics. 17 (2), 139–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, R. T. (2002) Wages of Crime, Black Markets, Illegal Finance and the Underworld Economy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, E. and N. Keller (2007) Criminal Legacies of War Economies. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development. 3 (3), 49–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podder, S. (2014) Mainstreaming the Non-State in Bottom-Up StateBuilding: Linkages between Rebel Governance and Post-Conflict Legitimacy. Conflict, Security & Development. 14 (2), 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, M. and N. Cooper (2004) War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reno, W. (2009) Understanding Criminality in West African Conflicts. International Peacekeeping. 16 (1), 47–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staniland, P. (2012) States, Insurgents, and Wartime Political Orders. Perspectives on Politics. 10 (2), 243–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thürer, D. (1999) The “Failed State” and International Law. International Review of the Red Cross. 81 (836), 731–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Wall Street Journal (2011) Interview with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, January 21, 2011, available at: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10 001424052748703833204576114712441122894, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Wennemann, A. (2007) Conflict Financing and the Recurrence of IntraState Armed Conflict: What Can be Done from the Perspective of Conflict Financing to Prevent the Recurrence of Intra-State Armed Conflict? Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wennemann, A. (2011) Economic Dimensions of Armed Groups: Profiling the Financing, Costs, and Agendas and Their Implications for Mediated Engagements. ICRC Resource Centre, June 30, 2011, available at: https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/article/review-2011/irrc-882-wennmann.htm, last accessed January 31, 2015.

  • Yazigi, J. (2014) Manbij, a Success Story in the Liberated Areas. The Syrian Observer, January 22, 2014, available at: http://syrianobserver.com/EN/Interviews/26544/Manbij+a+Success+Story+in+the+Liberated+Areas, last accessed January 31, 2015.

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Martin Beck Dietrich Jung Peter Seeberg

Copyright information

© 2016 Samer N. Abboud

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Abboud, S.N. (2016). Conflict, Governance, and Decentralized Authority in Syria. In: Beck, M., Jung, D., Seeberg, P. (eds) The Levant in Turmoil. The Modern Muslim World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137526021_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics