Abstract
Recent discussion of media pluralism, whether in the UK, Europe, Australia, or the US, demonstrates how sophisticated the policy and regulatory choices have become. Instead of the blunt measures which characterised early structural regulation of media ownership, contemporary proposals aim to measure more accurately the influence that different kinds of media have on democratic opinion forming, and offer schemes which combine structural elements with more complex analyses of firms’ behaviour in media markets.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker, C. E. (2007) Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership Matters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Butsch, R. (Ed.) (2007) Media and Public Spheres. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Centre for Media Pluralism and Freedom (2013) European Union Competencies in Respect of Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. Florence, Italy: European University Institute.
Commission of the European Communities (2007) Media Pluralism in the Member States of the European Union. SEC (2007) 32. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
Commission of the European Communities (2013) A Free and Pluralistic Media to Sustain European Democracy. Report of the High Level Group on Media Freedom and Pluralism. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
Council of Europe. (1999) Recommendation No. R (99) 1 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Measures to Promote Media Pluralism. Explanatory memorandum. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.
Court of Appeal (2010) British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc & Virgin Media Inc v Competition Commission & Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform [2010] EWCA Civ 2
Craufurd Smith, R. and Tambini, D. (2012) ‘Measuring media plurality in the United Kingdom: Policy choices and regulatory challenges’, Journal of Media Law, 4, 35–64.
Curran, J. (2011) Media and Democracy. London: Routledge.
Department of Culture, Media and Sport (2013) Media Ownership and Plurality. Consultation, July 2013. London: Stationary Office.
Department of Culture, Media and Sport (2014) Media Ownership & Plurality. Consultation Report. Government Response to the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications Report into Media Plurality. London: Stationary Office.
Dryzek, J. and Dunleavy, P. (2009) Theories of the Democratic State. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
ECHR (2009) Manole v Moldova [2009] ECHR 1292, Strasbourg: European Court of Human Rights.
Gibbons, T. and Humphreys, P. (2012) Audiovisual Regulation Under Pressure: Comparative Cases from North America and Europe. Abington, UK: Routledge.
Held, D. (1996) Models of Democracy (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Helberger, N. (2012) ‘Exposure diversity as a policy goal,’ Journal of Media Law, 4, 65–92.
House of Lords (2014a) Select Committee on Communications, Media plurality, 1st Report of Session 2013–14, HL Paper 120, London: Stationary Office Ltd.
House of Lords (2014b) Select Committee on Communications, Inquiry into Media Plurality. Written and Corrected Oral Evidence, London: Stationary Office.
Lord Justice Leveson (2012) An Inquiry into the Culture, Practices and Ethics of the Press: Report, HC 780, London: Stationary Office Ltd.
Keane, J. (1991) The Media and Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Komorek, E. (2012) Media Pluralism and European Law. Kluwer.
Komorek, E. (2014) ‘The problem which refuses to go away. Recent developments in the EU approach to media pluralism’, Communications Law, 19, 39–46.
Ofcom (2010) Report on Public Interest Test on the Proposed Acquisition of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc by News Corporation. London, UK: Ofcom.
Ofcom (2012a) Measuring Media Plurality. Ofcom’s Advice to the Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport. June 2012. London, UK: Ofcom.
Ofcom (2012b, October) Measuring media plurality: Supplementary advice to the secretary of state for culture, media and sport and the Leveson inquiry). October 2012. London, UK: Ofcom.
Ofcom (2014) Media Plurality Measurement Framework-Call for Inputs. London, UK: Ofcom.
Picard, R. G. and Dzakula, J. (2014) Media Pluralism Monitor Pilot Test: United Kingdom http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/media-pluralism-monitor-pilot-test-united-kingdom
Valcke, P., Picard, R., Sükösd, M., Klimkiewicz, B., Petkovic, B., Zotto, C., and Kerremans, R. (2010) ‘The European media pluralism monitor: Bridging law, economics and media studies as a first step towards risk-based regulation in media markets’, Journal of Media Law, 2, 85–113.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Thomas Gibbons
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gibbons, T. (2015). What Is ‘Sufficient’ Plurality?. In: Barnett, S., Townend, J. (eds) Media Power and Plurality. Palgrave Global Media Policy and Business. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137522849_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137522849_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-50664-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-52284-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave Media & Culture CollectionLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)