Abstract
“Women’s football,” wrote FIFA president Sepp Blatter 2007, “has been part and parcel of the sports arena for over thirty years … [but] has come on in leaps and bounds since FIFA staged the first women’s world championship in … 1991.” There is more than a little truth to this statement. Women’s soccer has grown astronomically since Blatter publicly declared in 1995 that the future of soccer was “feminine.” As of 2011, 29 million girls and women played soccer around the world, compared with 20 million a decade earlier (FIFA Health and Fitness 5; and Fahmy). Blatter’s comments, however, elide an inconvenient truth: women have been playing organized soccer for much more than 30 years. Almost since the creation of modern soccer in the mid-1800s, women and girls took to the game. The first women’s world championship, much as FIFA still refuses to acknowledge it, occurred not in 1991 but in 1970. And significantly, Blatter ignored the obstacles that women and girls have had to overcome and continue to struggle against in order to play the game that they love.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Correspondence
Pérez, Eliezer. Personal Correspondence. July 25, 2010.
Rodebaugh, Andrea. Personal Correspondence. March 11, 2010.
Periodicals
El Espectador. September 29, 1951. Print.
El Gráfico. 1920–1930. Print.
El Mundo Deportivo. September 18, 1971, 4. Print.
“Aquí está el reto.” La Nación. July 29, 1959. Print.
“Ayer Tarde Llegaron a Bogotá los Equipos Ingleses de Fútbol Femenino.” El Tiempo. June 23. 1960. Print.
“Deportes de aquí y de allá.” La Nación. October 4, 1970. Print.
“El operativo Claudina: La historia de una jugadora de fútbol.” MDZ Online. March 11, 2008. Web. May 10, 2012.
“Estoy casada con el balón.” BBCMundo.com. September 9, 2005. Web. April 3, 2010.
“Eye-Catching Girls Enhance Allure.” FIFA.com. April 14, 2010. Web. May 4, 2011.
“Mundial (Women), 1971.” RSSSF.com. Web.
“Nacional conoce a sus rivales.” Deportes24.com. Web. November 1, 2011.
“Notas de la semana.” El Grafico. July 2 1921. Print.
“Report of the Joint Committee on the Physical Education of Girls.” The Lancet. August 12, 1922. Print.
“Uma opinião autorizada: não é no futebol que a juventude feminina se aper-feiçoará.” A Gazeta Esportiva. June 29, 1940. Print.
“USA Extend Lead, Brazil Slip.” FIFA.COM. June 1, 2012. Web. August 12, 2012.
Ballariny, Humberto. “Por que a mulher não deve praticar o futebol.” Educação Física 49. December 1940. Print.
Cabral, Juliana. Interview. Universidade do Futebol. August 31, 2012. Web.
Chantecler. “Comentarios risueños sobre football.” El Gráfico. September 25, 1926. Print.
FIFA Circular No. 1232. July 9 2010. Print.
FIFA Circular No. 1246. November 29 2010. Print.
FIFA Circular No. 1254. January 21, 2011. Print.
Ocampo, Harvey. “Fútbol Femenino en Bogotá.” El Tiempo. September 1, 1969. Print.
pandeportes.gob.pa/index.html#. Web. July 14, 2010.
Radar Deportivo. October 6, 1951. Print.
Books, Theses, and Journals
Archetti, Eduardo. Fútbol y Ethos. Buenos Aires: FLACSO, 1984. Print.
—. Masculinities: Football, Polo and the Tango in Argentina. New York: Berg, 1999. Print.
Ballesteros, Frank, and Hans Schoggl. “Panama, List of Women Champions.” RSSSF.com. Web. March 10, 2011.
Bestard, Miguel Angel. Paraguay, un siglo de fútbol. Asunción: Liga Paraguaya de Fútbol, 1981. Print.
Binello, Gabriela, Mariana Conde, Analía Martínez, and María Graciela Rodríguez. “Mujeres y fútbol: territorio conquistado o a conquistar?” Peligro del gol: Estudios sobre deporte y sociedad en América Latina. Edited by Pablo Alabarces. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2000. Print.
Carreño Martinez, Maritza. “Fútbol femenil en Mexico, 1969–1971.” MA thesis. Universidad Autonoma de Mexico, 2006. Print.
Christenson, Marcus, and Paul Kelso. “Soccer Chief’s Plan to Boost Women’s Game? Hotpants.” The Guardian. January 16, 2004. Web. April 2, 2010.
Christopherson, Neal, Michelle Janning, and Eileen Diaz McConnel. “Two Kicks Forward, One Kick Back: A Content Analysis of Media Discourses on the 1999 Women’s World Cup Soccer Championship.” Sociology of Sport Journal 19 (2002): 170–188. Print.
da Souza, Marcos Alves. “‘A Nação em chuterias’: Raça e masculinidade no fute-bol brasileiro.” MA thesis. University of Brasilia, 1996. Print.
de Souza Junior, Osmar Moreira, and Heloisa Helena Baldy dos Reis. “Discursos hegemônicos es representações sociais do futebol feminino no Brasil.” Presentation. 36th Annual meeting of Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais. October 21–25, 2012. Print.
Daniels, Elizabeth, and Heather Wartena. “Athlete or Sex Symbol: What Boys Think of Media Representations of Female Athletes.” Sex Roles 65:7/8 (October 2011): 566–579. Print
Elsey, Brenda. Citizens and Sportsmen: Fútbol and Politics in Twentieth Century Chile. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Print.
Fahmy, Mustapha. “Increase Participation and Competitions.” FIFA. 5th FIFA Women’s Football Symposium. July 15–17, 2011. Print.
Ferreira Campos, Priscila Augusta. “Mulheres tocedores do Cruzeiro Esporte Clube presentes no Mineirão.” MA thesis. Federal University of Minas Gerais, 2010. Print.
FIFA. Big Count 2006: Statistical Summary Report by Association. Zurich: Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 2007. Print.
—. Health and Fitness for the Female Football Player: A Guide for Coaches and Players. Zurich: Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 2007. Print.
—. Goal Project Fact Sheet-Colombia, 2009. Web.
—. FIFA U-20 World Cup Colombia 2011, Statistical Kit: Event Edition. July 8, 2011. Print.
Filho, Mario. O Negro no Futebol Brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1964. Print.
Franzini, Fabio. “Futebol é coisa para macho? Pequeno esboço para uma história das mulheres no país do futebol.” Revista Brasileira de História 25:50 (December 2005): 315–328. Print.
Goellner, Silvana Vilodre. “Bela, maternal e feminina: imagens da mulher na Revista Educação Physica.” PhD diss. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1999. Print.
Goellner, Silvana Vilodre. “Mulheres e futebol no Brasil: entre sombras e visibilidades.” Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 19:2 (April/June 2005): 143–151. Print.
“‘As mulheres fortes são aquelas que fazem uma raça forte’: Esporte, Eugenia e nacionalismo no Brasil no início do século XX.” Revista de História do Esporte 1:1 (June 2008): 1–28. Print.
Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print.
Kane, Mary Jo. “Sex Sells Sex, Not Women’s Sports.” The Nation. August 15–22, 2011. Web. October 29, 2012.
Kane, Mary Jo, and Heather D. Maxwell. “Expanding the Boundaries of Sport and Media Research.” Journal of Sport Management 25 (2011): 202–216. Print.
Knight, Jennifer L., and Traci A. Giuliano. “She’s a ‘Looker,’ He’s a Laker: The Consequences of Gender-Stereotypical Portrayals of Male and Female Athletes by the Print Media.” Sex Roles 45:3/4 (August 2001): 217–229. Print.
Knijnik, Jorge. “Femininos e Masculinos no Futebol Brasileiro.” PhD diss. University of São Paulo, 2006. Print.
Lessa de Moura, Erribero José. “As Relações entre Lazer, Futebol, e Gênero.” MA thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2003. Print.
Lotina, Juan A., and Hernández Luján. “El fútbol femenino en Cuba en cuatro etapas.” CubAhora. July 13, 2010. Print.
Marin Méndez, Edgardo. Centenario: historia total del fútbol chileno, 1895–1995. Santiago de Chile: Editores y Consultores REI. Print.
Martínez Vega, Carlos Alberto. “Federación Panameña de Fútbol celebra 70 años.” Web. March 10, 2011.
Méndez, Carolina. “Futboleras!” La Nación. August 27, 1999. Web. September 10, 2012.
Messner, Michael A. “Sports and Male Domination: The Female Athlete as Contested Ideological Terrain.” Sociology of Sport Journal 5 (1988): 197–211. Print.
Moreira, Ramon Missias. “A mulher no futebol brasileiro: uma ampla visão.” efedeportes.com 13:120 (May 2008). Web.
Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print.
Mourão, Ludmila, and Marcia Morel. “As Narrativas sobre o Futebol Feminino.” Revista Brasileiro de Ciência do Esporte 26:2 (January 2005): 73–86. Print.
Mourão, Ludmila, and Sebastião Votre. “Women’s Football in Brazil: Progress and Problems.” Soccer, Women, Sexual Liberation: Kicking off a New Era. Edited by Fan Fong and J. A. Mangan. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass 2004. Print.
Rigo, Luiz Carlos, Flávia Garcia Guidotti, Larissa Zanetti Thiel, and Marcela Amaral. “Notas acerca do futebol feminino pelotense em 1950: um estudo genealógico.” Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte 29:3 (May 2008): 173–188. Print.
Rojas, Moya. “Del fútbol femenino en Golfito.” La Nación. February 19, 1952. Print.
Vogel, Arno. “O Momento Feliz. Reflexões sobre o futebol e o ethos nacional.” Universo do Futebol: Esporte e Sociedade Brasileira. Edited by Roberto da Matta. Rio de Janeiro: Edições Piankotheke, 1982. Print.
Zeledon Cartin, Elias. Deportivo Femenino Costa Rica, F.C.: Primer equipo de fútbol femenino del mundo. San José: Ministerio de Cultura, Juventud y Deportes, 1999. Print.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2015 Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste, Robert McKee Irwin, and Juan Poblete
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nadel, J. (2015). The Antinational Game? An Exploration of Women’s Soccer in Latin America. In: L’Hoeste, H.F., Irwin, R.M., Poblete, J. (eds) Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America. New Directions in Latino American Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137518002_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137518002_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-50394-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-51800-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)