Abstract
By July 1794, the Terror had subsided. The destruction of the educational establishments of the Old Regime—academies, special schools, collèges, libraries, private laboratories, and even primary schools (petites écoles)—was nearly complete. Plans for regeneration had been submitted to successive committees for public instruction since 1791 at the rate of one per week. The Bouquierplan of December 1793 allowed primary schools to be opened by almost anyone, including clerics, as long as the Republic granted approval. The idea of a college for teacher training dated back to the prerevolutionary period, but the first proposal for such an institution was delivered to the Thermidorean Convention after the Terror, on October 24, 1794. The proposal’s author was Joseph Dominique Garat, a former Minister of the Interior who was linked to the moderate Girondin republicans and inspired by Condorcet.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
See Patrice Higonnet, “The Politics of Linguistic Terrorism and Grammatical Hegemony during the French Revolution,” Social History 5 (1980): 41–69. For theatrical reverberations, see P. Y. Barré and F. P. A. Léger, Le Sourd guéri, ou Les tu et Les vousl; comédie en un acte, mélée de vaudevilles ([Paris] 1794–1795).
See Alyssa Sepinwall, The Abbé Grégoire and the Trench Revolution: The Making of Modem Universalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).
Christian Cuxac, Le langage des sourds (Paris: Payot, 1983). The pasigraphy project was antedated by a long-term interest in typography and its relevance to deaf reading. See Adrien Pront, Eléments d’une typographic, introd. De Maimieux (Paris: an V [1796–1797]). Aso see Actes du colloque de Bielefeld (1985) and the very favorable notice of Theodore-Pierre-Bertin’s work on stenography (“applicable to all languages, including sign-language”) in JdD, 15 Brumaire Year XII [November 7, 1803].
The student was “Citizen Crouzet,” and the quatrain is given in full in Dupuy, 166–67. Cf. ZZ Palmer, School of the Trench Revolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), 195; Sicard, Eléments de grammaire générale appliqués à la langue française, second ed.(Paris, 1808), 11:597, Séances, 11:32, 46, 77, 256, 363; 1:115–17, 121, 127.
Jeanne-Marie Tufféry-Andrieu, Le Concile National en 1797 et en 1801 à Paris. L’Abbé Grégoire et l’utopie d’une Eglise républicaine (Bern: Peter Lang, 2007), 290. The following few paragraphs on these councils were published first in my review of this book online in H-France, September 2008.
Suzanne Desan, Reclaiming the Sacred: Lay Religion and Popular Politics in Revolutionary France (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990). Desan argues that a lay religion evolved during dechristianization.
Georges Lefebvre, The French Revolution, 2 vols. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962, 1964), II, 198;
D. M. G. Sutherland, The French Revolution and Empire: The Quest for a Civic Order (Maiden, MA: Black-well, 2003), 286.
Report of Sicard’s deportation, Moniteur [8 Fructidor] Year V(23 September 1797), 357; Philippe Ladebat, Seuls les morts ne reviennent jamais; Les pionniers de la guillotine sèche … en Guyane française sous le Directoire (Paris: Editions Amlathée, 2007);
André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat, Journal de déportation en Guyane et discours politiques (Paris: Editions du livre, 2009).
Marc Regaldo, Un milieu intellectuel: La Décade philosophique (1794–1807), 5 vols. (Lille: Atelier Reproduction des thèses, 1976), I, 228;
Martin Staum, Minerva’s Message: Stabilizing the French Revolution (Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press, 1996), 84–85. La Quotidienne, 2, 4 Vendémiaire Year VI (September 23 and 25, 1797).
Marie-Madeleine Compère, “Les Professeurs de la République, Rupture et continuité dans le personnel enseignant des écoles centrales,” Annales historiques de la Révolution française 24:2 (1981): 39–60.
Copyright information
© 2015 Emmet Kennedy
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kennedy, E. (2015). A Refractory Priest in the Republic of Professors. In: Abbé Sicard’s Deaf Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137512864_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137512864_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-55275-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-51286-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)