Skip to main content

Space and the Migrant Camps of Calais: Space-Making at the Margins

  • Chapter
Media, Margins and Civic Agency
  • 162 Accesses

Abstract

In 2007, UK online national newspapers began to report on a handful of tents on scrubland near the French port of Calais occupied by migrants hoping to cross the UK border. By early 2009 this makeshift space, labelled ‘the jungle’ by migrants and the newspapers, had more than 800 occupants (Rawstorne, 2009). In September 2009, the French riot police demolished the camp and dispersed its occupants (Garnham, 2009) in the expectation of deterring new migrants from heading to Calais. In spite of this militant action by the French authorities, mini-camps sprung up all along the French coastline. The newspapers were concerned that these shelters could grow into ‘mini jungles’ (Allen, 2009c), and within a year a ‘new jungle’ had emerged in a small village near Dunkirk, only to be similarly demolished by the authorities (Finan and Allen, 2010).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aas, K. F. (2011) ‘Crimmigrant’ bodies and bona fide travelers: Surveillance, citizenship and global governance. Theoretical Criminology. 15(3), 331–346. Available at: http://tcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1362480610396643 (accessed December 20, 2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2008a) French U-turn as new Calais shelter for UK-bound immigrants opens after temperatures plunge. Daily Mail. 6. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1102568/French-U-turn-newCalais-shelter-UK-bound-immigrants-opens-temperatures-plunge.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2008b) Mass riot police operation to break up Calais camps full of Brit-bound migrants. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1079955/Mass-riot-police-operation-break-Calais-camps-Britbound-migrants.html#ixzz2au2DfVfY

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2009a) France sparks diplomatic row after cancelling flight deporting England-bound illegal immigrants. Daily Mail. 4. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1086764/France-sparks-diplomatic-row-cancelling-flight-deporting-England-bound-illegal-immigrants.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2009b) Nothing will stop us coming to Britain. Express.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2009c) Pictured: New squalid migrant camp pops up in Calais hours after the Jungle is razed. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1215568/New-squalid-migrant-camp-pops-Calais-hours-Junglerazed.html#ixzz2avXFqLTX

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2009d) The UK must open its borders: Calais mayor’s demand as riot police tear down illegal camps AGAIN. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1216950/Riot-police-destroy-Calaismigrant-camps-AGAIN-mayor-slams-Britain-unable-control-borders.html#ixzz2avbj8LGX

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2009e) The UK must open its borders: Calais mayor’s demand as riot police tear down illegal camps AGAIN. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1218410/Calais-migrants-flown-home-500-expense-British-French-taxpayers.html#ixzz2avdekaSX

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. (2011) ‘Arab Spring’ camp set up in Calais as thousands of North Africans vie to get to Britain. Daily Mail. 1389755. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1389755/Arab-Spring-campset-Calais-thousands-North-Africans-vie-to-Britain.html#ixzz2b08LOb9k

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. and Slack, J. (2008) France flies its Afghan migrants home… and UK taxpayers pick up the bill because ‘they were trying to reach Britain.’ Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1086317/France-flies-Afghan-migrants-home–UK-taxpayers-pick-trying-reach-Britain.html#ixzz2au4oR7Tw

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. and Murray, J. (2009) Pay us £100m or we will let illegals in, threaten French. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/82849/Pay-us100m-or-we-will-let-illegals-in-threaten-French

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. and Dawar, A. (2012) Loophole gives migrants one-way ticket to Britain. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/304899/Loophole-gives-migrants-one-way-ticket-to-Britain

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaba, H. (1990) Nation and Narration. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boswell, C. (2012) How information scarcity influences the policy agenda: Evidence from U. K. Immigration Policy. 25(3), 367–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth, M. (2012) Subjectivity and identity in detention: Punishment and society in a global age. Theoretical Criminology. 16(2), 123–140. Available at: http://tcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1362480612441116 (accessed 25 December, 2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bracchi, P. (2009) Bloody siege of calais: The violent new breed of migrants who will let nothing stop them coming to Britain. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1202009/Bloody-siege-Calais-Theviolent-new-breed-migrants-let-stop-coming-Britain.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M. (2011) We’ll end the migrant flood vows Theresa May. Express. Commission for Racial Equality (2007) The Treatment of Asylum Seekers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daily Mail Reporter (2009) Razed to the ground: Jungle migrant camp emptied after raid by Calais police (but will it stop asylum seekers flooding into Britain?). Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1214848/Britain-obsessed-asylum-seekers-let-UK-earliest-convenience-says-Europes-Justice-Commisioner.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, N. (2009) None deadlier than the Mail. New Statesman. January 24. Available at: http://www.newstatesman.com/media/2008/01/asylum-seekers-mailreport.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esser, R. (2007) The treatment of asylum seekers. Express (2009a) French are to close ‘jungle’ camp. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/128991/French-are-to-close-jungle-camp

    Google Scholar 

  • Express (2009b) Migrant ‘jungle’ camp bulldozed. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/129163/Migrant-jungle-camp-bulldozed

  • Fagge, N. (2007) Rival refugees‘bloody battle’ to get to Britain. Express, January 01 p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagge, N. (2009a) France sets up new camps for migrants sneaking to UK. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/144535/France-setsup-new-camps-for-migrants-sneaking-to-UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagge, N. (2009b) French put new migrants camp… next to lorry park. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/131111/French-putnew-migrants-camp-next-to-lorry-park

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagge, N. (2009c) ‘Jungle’ migrants freed to try again. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/130068/Jungle-migrants-freed-to-tryagain

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagge, N. (2009d) Migrants from the Jungle set up a dozen new camps, Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/129467/Migrantsfrom-the-Jungle-set-up-a-dozen-new-camps

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, E. (2009) Welcome to heaven, how about a cup of tea? Mail on Sunday special investigation into why asylum seekers head to Britain. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1227779/Welcome-heaven-cup-tea-Mail-Sunday-special-investigation-asylum-seekershead-Britain.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Finan, T. and Allen, P. (2010) Stop being so generous to migrants: French plea to Britain after Dunkirk suburb is over-run. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1331013/Stop-generous-migrantsFrench-plea-Britain-Dunkirk-suburb-run.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Garnham, E. (2009) Police swoop on sprawling immigrant ‘jungle.’ Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/129166/Police-swoop-on-sprawling-immigrant-jungle

    Google Scholar 

  • Geddes, A. (2003) The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giannangeli, M. (2009) Dunkirk beaches shelter army of migrants. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/130191/Dunkirk-beachesshelter-army-of-migrants

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade, R. (2004) Press Gang: How Newspapers Make Profits from Propaganda. Basingstoke: Pan Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1973) Social Justice and the City. London: Edward Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (1990) Between time and space: Reflections on the geographical imagination. Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers. 80(3), 418–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howarth, A. and Ibrahim, Y. (2012) Threat and suffering: The liminal space of ‘The jungle’, in L. Andrews and Roberts (eds) Liminal Spaces. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, Y. (2011) Constructing‘the Jungle’: Distance framing in the Daily Mail. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics. 7(3), 315–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. (1991) The political place of locality studies. Environment and Planning. 23, 267–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, J. (1996) Globalization and the politics of place: place and identity in an inner London neighbourhood. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 21(1), 194–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migration Observatory (2013) Migration in the News: Portrayals of Immigrants, Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the National British Newspapers, 2010–12. Oxford. Available at: http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/migobs/ Report–migration in the news.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Millner, N. (2011) From ‘refugee’ to ‘migrant’ in Calais solidarity activism: Restaging undocumented migration for a future politics of asylum. Political Geography. 30, 320–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, A., Bryson, C. and Curtice, J. (2014) British Social Attitudes 31. London. Available at: http://www.bsa-31.natcen.ac.uk/media/38202/bsa31_full_report.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawstorne, T. (2009) Hundreds of illegal immigrants armed with knives and crowbars swarm round Calais trucks heading for Britain. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1180180/Hundreds-illegal-immigrants-armed-knives-crowbars-swarm-round-Calais-trucks-heading-Britain.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. (2007) Return of Sangatte—Countless immigrants plot to slip into UK. Daily Mail. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-448459/Return-Sangatte–Countless-immigrants-plot-slip-UK.html##ixzz0WjbxLMHm

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. (2009) They’re back: Mass of migrants queue up at Sangatte to reach ‘Promised Land’ UK. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1161659/Theyre-Mass-migrants-queue-Sangatte-reach-PromisedLand-UK.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, M. (2009) Migrants: Nothing will stop us getting in to UK. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/129057/MigrantsNothing-will-stop-us-getting-in-to-UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Rygiel, K. (2011) Bordering solidarities: Migrant activism and the politics of movement and camps at Calais. Citizenship Studies. 15, 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semetko, H. A. and Valkenburg, P. M. (2000) Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication. 50(2), 93–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Service, M. F. (2009) Freed to have another go at coming to Britain: French judges release 82 Calais migrants. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1216639/Freed-coming-BritainFrench-judges-release-82-Calais-migrants.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, R. (1991) Places on the Margins: Alternative Geographies of Modernity. London: Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, R. (1999) Culture and the economy of cities. European Urban and Regional Studies. 6(4), 303–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, R. (2013) Places on the Margin: Alternative Geographies of Modernity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibley, D. (1995) Geographies of Exclusion: Society and Difference in the West. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Slack, J. and Allen, P. (2009) At long last, Calais get tough on the people traffickers with massive dawn raid by armed police. Daily Mail. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1172297/At-longCalais-tough-people-traffickers-massive-dawn-raid-armed-police.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2009a) French police crack down on migrants in Calais after local young mother becomes victim of sex attack. MailOnline. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1185027/French-police-crack-migrantsCalais-local-young-mother-victim-sex-attack.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2009b) Police swoop on people trafficking network accused of smuggling 5,000 illegal immigrants into Britain. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1192110/Police-swoop-people-traffickingnetwork-accused-smuggled-5000-illegal-immigrants-Britain.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2009c) French police crack down on migrants in Calais after local young mother becomes victim of sex attack. MailOnline. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1185027/French-police-crackmigrants-Calais-local-young-mother-victim-sex-attack.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2010a) Bulldozing of Calais Jungle immigration camp was a ‘publicity stunt aimed at placating the British public.’ MailOnline. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1242854/Calais-Jungle-Bulldozingimmigration-camp-publicity-stunt-aimed-placating-British-public.html?printingPage=true

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2010b) Controversial French MP praises ‘courage’ of migrants illegally headed for Britain. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1249372/Controversial-French-MP-Jack-Lang-praises-courage-migrantsheaded-Britain.html#socialLinks

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, I. (2012) French government to pass law making it ILLEGAL to arrest UK-bound illegal immigrants in Calais. Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2175441/French-government-passlaw-making-ILLEGAL-arrest-UK-bound-illegal-immigrants-Calais.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. (2013) Into the European ‘jungle’. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZoFkV9LqBwC&pg=PA183&dq=barthes+into+the+european+jungle+calais+migration&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sGG8UserCsPy7Ab65ICIDQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q= barthes intotheeuropeanjunglecalaismigration&f=false

    Google Scholar 

  • Tristem, A. (2007) The return of Sangatte. 14 January. Express.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trudeau, D. (2006) Politics of belonging in the construction of landscapes: Place-making, boundary-drawing and exclusion. Cultural Geographies. 13(3), 421–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. (2009) EU countries must stop playing pass the human parcel. Express. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/jimmyyoung/130275/EU-countries-must-stop-playing-pass-the-human-parcel

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Anita Howarth and Yasmin Ibrahim

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Howarth, A., Ibrahim, Y. (2015). Space and the Migrant Camps of Calais: Space-Making at the Margins. In: Thorsen, E., Jackson, D., Savigny, H., Alexander, J. (eds) Media, Margins and Civic Agency. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137512642_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics