Abstract
This chapter explains how the future success of the Arab Spring in reaching a modern, democratic states, as well as security of the US, European and other Middle East and North African states will require collaborative efforts to improve their effectiveness for aligning and integrating the necessary diplomacy, defense and development capabilities. Integrating the instruments of power in the case of the recent revolutions in MENA will not be an easy goal. That, however, does not address the ends of a new policy based on critical theory and human security. For insights on the objective we can return to President Obama’s own words in his speech in Cairo in 2009. Whether the US can substantially implement the 3D’s of diplomacy, defense and development, given the current geopolitics of the Middle East, in new and creative ways to address the issues of the Arab Spring remains the test of US leadership.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Rosa Balfour, “The Arab Spring, the changing Mediterranean, and the EU: tools as a substitute for strategy?” European Policy Centre Policy Brief (June 2011);
Richard Youngs, “The EU and the Arab Spring: from munificence to geo-strategy,” FRIDE Policy Brief no. 100 (October 2011).
Oded Eran, “The West Responds to the Arab Spring,” Strategic Assessment 14, no. 2 (July 2011), p. 15;
Uri Dadush and Michele Dunne, “American and European Responses to the Arab Spring: What’s the Big Idea?” The Washington Quarterly$134, no. 4 (Fall 2011), p. 132.
Massimo D’Alema, “The Arab Spring and Europe’s Chance,” Project Syndicate, October 25, 2011.
Sergio Fabbrini and Amr Yossef, “Obama’s wavering: US foreign policy on the Egyptian crisis, 2011–13,” Contemporary Arab Affairs 8, no. 1 (2015): 69.
Yousry Mustapha, “Donors’ Responses to Arab Uprisings: Old Medicine in New Bottles?” IDS Bulletin 43, no. 1 (January 2012): 101–106.
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty (New York: Crown Business, 2012).
Omar Ashour, “Finishing the Job: Security Sector Reform After the Arab Spring,” World Politics Review, May 28, 2013, http://www.brookings.edu /research/articles/2013/05/28-security-sector-reform-mena-ashour.
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998).
Ashton B. Carter and William J. Perry, Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999).
Richard N. Haass, War of Necessity, War of Choice: A Memoir of Two Iraq Wars (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009).
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Vali Nasr, The Dispensable Nation: American Foreign Policy in Retreat (New York: Doubleday, 2013).
Robert M. Gates, Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014).
Joseph S. Nye Jr., The Powers to Lead (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008). One book highlighting diverse views on the US leadership role in the current international environment is Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro, eds., To Lead the World: American Strategy after the Bush Doctrine (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
Joseph S. Nye Jr., “Think Again: Soft Power,” ForeignPolicy.com, February 23, 2006, http://foreignpolicy.com /2006/02/23/think-again-soft-power/.
Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee, Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2002).
Thomas E. Ricks, 2006, Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, New York: The Pengu in Press.
Jennifer Epstein, “condoleezza Rice on Donald Rumsfeld: Wrong, ‘grumpy’”, POLITICO, April 28, 2011, http://www.politico.com /news/stories/0411/53814.html.
Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 574.
Joel I. Klein, and Condoleezza Rice, and Julia Levy, U.S. Education Reform and National Security, Independent Task Force Report No. 68 (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Amr Yossef and Joseph R. Cerami
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yossef, A., Cerami, J.R. (2015). Redemption? The Geopolitics of MENA and Mediterranean Security. In: The Arab Spring and the Geopolitics of the Middle East: Emerging Security Threats and Revolutionary Change. Palgrave Pivot, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137504081_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137504081_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-50407-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-50408-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)