Abstract
Ali Shariati was born in 1933 in Kahak (a village in Mazinan), which was a suburb of Sabzevar located in the Khorasan Province of Iran. His mother was the daughter of a rural family and his father, a devotedly religious and spiritual man, was Mohammad Taqi-Shariati.1 The religious, but also intellectual, influence that Shariati’s father had upon him was remarkable in its effect upon him2 and Shariati, the boy, gained most of his religious knowledge in the religious centers that his father established and which, at that time, were considered to be reformist.3
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Notes
Assef Bayat, “Shariati and Marx: A Critique of an ‘Islamic’ Critique of Marxism,” Journal of Comparative Poetics: Marxism and the Critical Discourse, Vol. 10 (1990), p. 20.
Ervand Abrahamian, “Ali Shari’ati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution,” MERIP Reports, Vol. 102 (1982), pp. 24–25.
Mehbi Abedi and Mehdi Abedi, “Ali Shariati: The Architect of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran,” Iranian Studies, Vol. 19 (1986), pp. 229–230.
Ervand Abrahamian, Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin (London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 1989), pp. 105–106.
Ervand Abrahamian, “The Guerrilla Movement in Iran, 1963–1977,” MERIP Reports, Vol. 86 (1980), p. 9.
Brad Hanson, “Westoxication of Iran: Depications and Reactions of Behrangi, al-e Ahmad, and Shariati,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1983), p. 13.
Behrooz Ghanari-Tabrizi, “Contentious Public Religion: Two Conceptions of Islam in Revolutionary Iran: Ali Shari’ati and Abdulkarim Soroush,” International Sociology, Vol. 19 (2004), pp. 510–511.
Rassul Jafarian, Jaryan-ha va Sazman-ha-ye Mazhabi-Siyasi-ye Iran—1320–1357 (Tehran: Intesharat-e Markaz-e Asnad-e Enghelab-e Islami, 1390),
(Rassul Jafarian, The Religious-Political Movements of Iran—1940–1977 (Tehran: The Center for Publication of Islamic Revolution Documents, 2011)), p. 785.
Another Persian book about the Forqan Group (which, unfortunately, could not be used for this research because it was unavailable) is Mohammad Hassan Ruzitalab, Tarkib Eltaqat va Terror: Barresi-e Amalkard va Asnad-e Goroh-e Forqan (Mix of Terror and Eclectic: A Study on the Practice and Documentation on the Forqan Group) (Tehran: Markaz-e Asnad-e Enqelab-e Eslami, 1392 (2013)).
Ali Kordi, Goroh-e Forqan (The Forqan Group), Intesharat-e Markaz-e Asnad-e Enghelab-e Islami (The Center for Islamic Revolution Documents), (Tehran, 1387), (Tehran, 2009), p. 31.
BBC, “Iran talks but enemies block talks—Friday prayer cleric,” Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, (in Persian), April 27, 2007.
Ervand Abrahamian, “Gale Encyclopedia of the Mideast & N. Africa: Forqan” <http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1–137092726/iran-security-expert-holds.html>, retrieved: February 21, 2013.
For further details see: Ervand Abrahamian, Radical Islam—The Iranian Mojahedin (I.B. Tauris, 1989), who disagrees with this conception.
Elisheva Machlis, “‘Alī Sharī‘atī and the Notion of tawḥīd: Re-exploring the Question of God’s Unity,” Die Welt Des Islams, Vol. 54 (2014), p. 186.
Ibid., p. 206. Ali Shariati, Islam Shenasi (Islamolgy), Jild Yek, (Dars Aval va Dovom), (Tehran, 1969), pp. 47–48.
Thomas Kent, “International News,” The Associated Press, July 8, 1979. Thomas Kent, “International News,” The Associated Press, July 9, 1979.
Asghar Schirazi, The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Republic (London: I.B Tauris, 1997), pp. 1; 8–15; 19.
Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1996), pp. 80–81.
Hamid Dabashi, Theology of Dicontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: New York University Press, 1993), p. 150.
Daniel Brumberg, Reinventing Khomeini-The Struggle for Reform in Iran (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 75.
H. E. Chehabi, Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism—The Liberation Movement of Iran under the Shah and Khomeini (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990), pp. 203–204.
Michael M. J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), p. 157.
Vanessa Martin, Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran (London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2007), p. 93.
Ahmad Jalali Farahani, A Review of the Prevailing Political Situation in Iran. Gozaar, 2010, <http://www.gozaar.org/english/articles-en/A-Review-of-the-Prevailing-Political-Situation-in-Iran.html>, retrieved: February 21, 2013.
Mahmood T. Davari, The Political Thought of Ayatullah Mmurtaza Mutahhari: An Iranian Theoretician of the Islamic State (New York: Routledge Curzon, 2005), p. 80.
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© 2015 Ronen A. Cohen
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Cohen, R.A. (2015). The Fundamental Ideology of the Forqan. In: Revolution Under Attack. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137502506_3
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