Introduction

Abstract

Science is a productive force in contemporary society (Price, 1965), entwined inseparably with development. The role that science and technology now play in development is not a matter of contention. Price (1965) underlined the use of science and technology to achieve the social goals of society, while Weber discussed its relationship with the economy.¹ Science, as Price (1963) observed nearly half a century ago, is a crucial but very expensive part of human activity and a major segment of a nation’s economy. Beginning from the training of an individual into a scientist to the building of the capacity to do science—laboratories, equipment, material, resources, organization, administration, communication and travel—science costs money. In short, it is an expensive investment.

Society is supporting this structure and paying for it more and more because the results of his [the scientist’s] work are vital for the strength, security and public welfare of all. With everything said to be depending on him, from freedom from military attack to freedom from disease, the scientist now holds the purse-strings of the entire state.

Derek J. De Solla Price (1963)