Abstract
Gandhi was a naturally charismatic leader. His entire leadership agenda rested on the moral principle of nonviolence (ahimsā) and the spiritual philosophy of truth (satya). These were the two categorical imperatives of his moral and spiritual worldview. No mere best policy, nonviolence was a living reality for Gandhi. With the possible exception of the Buddha and the Jain teacher, Mahāvira, seldom has any other human being laid so much importance on nonviolence in their life and thought. What was great loving compassion (karunā) for the Buddha became love expressed and actuated as nonviolence for Gandhi. In his own words: “Nonviolence is the frst article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.”1Ahimsāis an important tenet of the ancient Indian religions, Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, and represents an ontological stance about the sacredness of and reverence for all life. Its awareness is what really distinguishes us from other animals. All great teachers of humanity have highlighted it from time immemorial with varying degrees of emphasis.
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Notes
Opening words of Gandhi’s defense speech at his trial, Young India (March 23, 1922).
Bhikhu Parekh, Gandhi (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 67.
Arun Gandhi, “Nonviolence in the Age of Terrorism: A Speech,” Journal of Human Values, 19(2), (2013): 105–112. In his exclusive interview with the present author, Arun repeatedly underscored this key point of passive violence.
Michael Nagler, Six Principles of Nonviolence, Metta Center for Nonviolence website. Date retrieved: August 18, 2014. http://metta-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Nepal-articlePDF.pdf.
Mohandas K. Gandhi, Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth (New York: Dover Publications, 1983), 454.
Harijan (March 28, 1936, as quoted in R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao, eds., The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 1996), 25 [emphasis added].
Arun Gandhi, Ethical Leadership, p. 7, p. 1. Date retrieved: August 25, 2014. http://arungandhi.net/tag/ethical-leadership/.
Harijan (April 2, 1938) as quoted in R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao, eds., The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 1996), 114.
Harijan (May 6, 1939, as quoted in Prabhu and Rao, eds., The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi, 121.
Nagler, What Is Nonviolence. Date retrieved: August 18, 2014. http://mettacenter.org/nonviolence/introduction/.
Quoted in Thomas Merton, ed., Gandhi on Non-Violence: A Selection from the Writings of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: New Directions, 1965), 78.
Manuel Schoch, Bitten by Black Snake: The Ancient Wisdom of Ashtavakra (Boulder, CO: Sentient Publications, 2007), 3.
Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (New York: Beacon Press, 2010), 114.
Charles F. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi, His Life and Ideas (Woodstock, Vermont: Skylight Paperbacks, 2013), 134.
Eknath Easwaran, Gandhi the Man: The Story of His Transformation (California: Nilgiri Press, 1997), 151–152.
Bishop Desmond Tutu, No Future without Forgiveness (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 274.
Harijan (December 24, 1938), as quoted in Prabhu and Rao, eds., The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi, 113.
Arun Gandhi, Personal Interview by the author. February 2, 2013. Unpublished transcripts. The same teaching about channelizing anger also appears in Arun Gandhi and Bethany Hegedus, Grandfather Gandhi (New York: Antheneum Books for Young Readers, 2012).
Arun Gandhi cited in Foreword to Michael N. Nagler, The Search for a Nonviolent Future: A Promise of Peace for Ourselves, Our Families, and Our World (San Francisco: Inner Ocean Publishing, 2004), x.
The famous quote attributed to Gandhi, “Be the change you wish to see in the world,” was first quoted in Michel W. Potts, “Arun Gandhi Shares the Mahatma’s Message,” cited in India - West [San Leandro, California] Vol. XXVII, No. 13 (February 1, 2002), A34. See: “’Be the Change’: Did Gandhi really make this statement?,” Retrieved February 3, 2015: http://www.compassionatespirit.com/Be-the-Change.htm.
Harijan (June 23, 1946), as quoted in Prabhu and Rao, eds., The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi, 118.
Mairead Corrigan Maguire, “Gandhi and the Ancient Wisdom of Nonviolence,” in Walter Wink, ed., Peace Is the Way (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2000), 159–162.
Young India (April 11, 1926), as quoted in Anand T. Hingorani, ed., Gandhi for 21st Century: The Law of Love (Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1998), 42–43.
Albert Schweitzer, Out of My Life and Thought (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 236.
See David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge Classics, 2002).
Ken Wilber, ed., Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of World’s Great Physicists (Boston: Shambhala, 1984).
na va are sarvasya kamaya sarvam priyam bhavati, àtmanastu kamaya sarvam priyam bhavati: Swämi Mädhavänanda, Brihadàranyaka Upanisad, with the Commentary of’S ankam càrya (Kolkata, India: Advaita Ashrama, 2008), 246–247.
M. K. Gandhi, Satyagraha in South Africa (Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Navajivan Publishing House, 2008, reprint), 306.
Swami Nikhalananda, trans. and ed., The Upanishads: A One Volume Abridgement (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1964), 347.
Acharya Buddharahhita, trans., Dhammapada: The Buddha’s Path of Wisdom (Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1985), 43.
M. K. Gandhi, India of my Dreams (New Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, 2009), 151.
See: Krishna Maheshwari, Mahabharata, Hindupedia, retrieved February 12, 2015, http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Mahabharata#cite_note-0.
J. A. B. van Buitenen, trans., The Mahabharata, Volume 1: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning (Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press, 1980), 130.
Y. P. Anand, as cited in Ramesh S. Betai’s, Gitä and Gandhi (New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House/National Gandhi Museum, 2002), xii.
Swämi Gambhiränanda, trans., Bhagavadgita with the Commentary of Sankaräcärya (Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1984), 302–303. The English translation of verse 6.32 is also by Swämi Gambhiränanda.
E. Stanley Jones, Gandhi: Portrayal of a Friend (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1993), 8.
Cited in Louis Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950), 334.
Joan V. Bondurant, Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1958/1988), 28.
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© 2015 Satinder Dhiman
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Dhiman, S. (2015). Nonviolence: The Matchless Weapon. In: Gandhi and Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137492357_6
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