Skip to main content

Political Communication and Affective Polarization in the 2014 Midterm Elections for the US Senate: The Cases of Iowa, North Carolina, and Georgia

  • Chapter
Communication and Midterm Elections

Abstract

At the height of the 2014 US midterm elections, the Pew Research Center published a report on polarization in the American public (Dimock, Doherty, Kiley, & Oates, 2014). In their report, they argued that ideological division and party antipathy between Democrats and Republicans is higher now than at any point in the past few decades. Though political science has long debated whether ideological polarization is on the rise (Abramowitz, 2010; Fiorina, Abrams, & Pope, 2011), Iyengar, Sood, and Lelkes (2012) have demonstrated a rise in affective polarization, or the extent to which feeling (affect) toward candidates and political parties is separating such that people increasingly like their own party and dislike (or even hate) the opponent. A great deal of research has demonstrated the role of partisan media in fostering polarization (Feldman, Myers, Hmielowski, & Leiserowitz, 2014; Garrett et al., 2014; Levendusky, 2013; Stroud, 2010), and some have examined the effects of campaign communication on affective polarization (Iyengar et al., 2012; Warner & Greenwood, 2014; Warner & McKinney, 2013). However, as with much of political communication research, these studies have neglected midterm and down-ballot elections. This chapter offers a corrective to this by exploring the role of political communication in three hotly contested campaigns for the US Senate in the 2014 midterm elections. Residents of Iowa, North Carolina, and Georgia were surveyed to assess the relationships among political communication, political interest, political confidence, and affective polarization toward the candidates for US Senate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramowitz, A. I. (2010). The disappearing center: Engaged citizens, polarization, and American democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arceneaux, K., & Johnson, M. (2013). Changing minds or changing channels? Partisan news in an age of choice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, A. R., Dalrymple, K. E., Brossard, D., & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). The soul of a polarized democracy: Testing theoretical linkages between talk and attitude extremity during the 2004 presidential election. Communication Research, 36, 315–340. doi:10.1177/0093650209333023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilliplane, S. (2011). All the news you want to hear: The impact of partisan news exposure on political participation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75, 287–316. doi:10.1093/poq/nfr006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimock, M., Doherty, C., Kiley, J., & Oates, R. (2014). Political polarization in the American public. Pew Research Center for People and the Press. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/files/2014/06/6-12-2014-Political-Polarization-Release.pdf

  • Feldman, L., Myers, T. A., Hmielowski, J. D., & Leiserowitz, A. (2014). The mutual reinforcement of media selectivity and effects: Testing the reinforcing spirals framework in the context of global warming. Journal of Communication, 64, 590–611. doi:10.1111/jcom.12108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, M. P., Abrams, S. J., & Pope, J. C. (2011). Culture war? The myth of a polarized America (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, R. K. (2009). Politically motivated reinforcement seeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate. Journal of Communication, 59, 676–699. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01452.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, R. K., Gvirsman, S. D., Johnson, B. K., Tsfati, Y., Neo, R., & Dal, A. (2014). Implications of pro- and counterattitudinal information exposure for affective polarization: Partisan media exposure and affective polarization. Human Communication Research, 40, 309–332. doi:10.1111/hcre.12028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, R. K., & Stroud, N. J. (2014). Partisan paths to exposure diversity: Differences in pro- and counterattitudinal news consumption. Journal of Communication, 64, 680–701. doi:10.1111/jcom.12105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geer, J. G. (2010). Fanning the flames: The news media’s role in the rise of negativity in presidential campaigns. Discussion paper, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics, and Public Policy, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornsey, M. J. (2008). Social identity theory and self-categorization theory: A historical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 204–222. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59, 19–39. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology a social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76, 405–431. doi:10.1093/poq/nfs038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaid, L. L., McKinney, M. S., & Tedesco, J. C. (2007). Political information efficacy and young voters. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1093–1111. doi:10.1177/000276420730004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaid, L. L., Tedesco, J. C., & McKinney, M. S. (2004). Political information efficacy and younger voters. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Johnson, B. K., & Westerwick, A. (2014). Confirmation bias in online searches: Impacts of selective exposure before an election on political attitude strength and shifts. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12105

    Google Scholar 

  • Layman, G. C., & Carsey, T. M. (2002). Party polarization and “conflict extension” in the American electorate. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 786–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levendusky, M. S. (2013). Why do partisan media polarize viewers? American Journal of Political Science, 57, 611–623. doi:10.1111/ajps.12008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2013). The rationalizing voter. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, N., Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2006). Polarized America: The dance of ideology and unequal riches. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M. S., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2007). Political engagement through debates: Young citizens’ reactions to the 2004 presidential debates. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1169–1182. doi:10.1177/000276420730005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M. S., & Rill, L. A. (2009). Not your parents’ presidential debates: Examining the effects of the CNN/YouTube debates on young citizens’ civic engagement. Communication Studies, 60, 392–406. doi:10.1080/10510970903110001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M. S., & Warner, B. R. (2013). Do presidential debates matter? Examining a decade of campaign debate effects. Argumentation and Advocacy, 49, 238–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutz, D. C. (2006). Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prior, M. (2007). Post-broadcast democracy: How media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Prior, M. (2013). Media and political polarization. Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 101–127. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstone, S. J., Kinder, D. R., & Miller, W. E. (1997). American National Election Studies. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies/Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1–36. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v48/i02/

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60, 556–576. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Going to extremes: How like minds unite and divide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 755–769. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1970) Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96–102. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, B. R., & Greenwood, M. (2014). Affective polarization from campaign communication: Alienating messages in the 2012 presidential election. In J. Tedesco, D. B. Bystrom, M. S. McKinney, & M. C. Banwart (Eds.), Alienation: The divide and conquer election of 2012. New York, NY: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, B. R., & McKinney, M. S. (2013). The polarizing effect of presidential debates. Communication Studies, 64, 1–20. doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.832341

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

John Allen Hendricks Dan Schill

Copyright information

© 2016 Freddie J. Jennings, Rocío Galarza, and Benjamin R. Warner

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jennings, F.J., Galarza, R., Warner, B.R. (2016). Political Communication and Affective Polarization in the 2014 Midterm Elections for the US Senate: The Cases of Iowa, North Carolina, and Georgia. In: Hendricks, J.A., Schill, D. (eds) Communication and Midterm Elections. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137488015_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics