Abstract
Political advertising has a rich history. Some political advertisements have shown to be quite damaging toward candidates. For instance, George W. Bush’s “swift boat” ad during the 2004 campaign proved quite destructive to the Kerry campaign, ultimately damaging Kerry’s credibility as a veteran. However, advertisements are not always damaging. While political ads have shown a strong, rich history, the effects of political advertising have been somewhat mixed and inconclusive.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ansolabehere, S., & Iyengar, S. (1995). Riding the wave and claiming ownership over issues: The joint effects of advertising and news coverage in campaigns. Public Opinion Quarterly, 58, 335–357. doi:10.1086/269431
Ansolabehere, S., Iyengar, S., Simon, A., & Valentino, N. (1994). Does attack advertising demobilize the electorate? American Political Science Review, 88, 829–838. doi:10.2307/2082710
Bartels, L. M. (2014). Remembering to forget: A note on the duration of campaign advertising effects. Political Communication, 31(4), 532–544. doi:10.1080/10584609.2014.956198
Brader, T. (2005). Striking a responsive chord: How political advertisements motivate and persuade voters by appealing to emotions. American Journal of Political Science, 49, 388–405.
Bradley, S. D., Angelini, J. R., & Lee, S. (2007). Psychophysiological and memory effects of negative political advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 29, 815–834. doi:10.2501/50265048710201476
Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39(5), 752–766.
Chaiken, S., & Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 460–473.
Chen, S., Duckworth, K., & Chaiken, S. (1999). Motivated heuristic and systematic processing. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 44–49.
Chou, H.-Y. & Lien, N.-H. (2010). How do candidate poll ranking and election status affect the effects on negative political advertising? International Journal of Advertising, 29(5), 815–834.
Daignault, P., Soroka, S., & Giasson, T. (2013). The perception of political advertising during an election campaign: A measure of cognitive and emotional effects. Canadian Journal of Communication, 38(2), 167–186.
Devlin, L. P. (1995). Political commercials in American presidential elections. In L. L. Kaid and C. Holtz-Bacha (Eds.), Political advertising in western democracies: Parties and candidates on television (pp. 186–205). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dresner, D., & Wickers, B. (2003). The generational shift in American politics. Campaigns & Elections, 21, 32–33.
Fernandes, J. (2013). Effects of negative political advertising and message repetition on candidate evaluation. Mass Communication and Society, 16, 268–291. doi:10.1080/15205436.2012.672615
Finkel, S.E., & Geer, J.G. (1998). A spot check: Casting doubt on the demobilizing effect of attack advertising. American Journal of Political Science, 42, 573–595. doi:10.2307/2991771
Fowler, E. F., & Ridout, T. N. (2010). Advertising trends in 2010. The Forum, 8(4). doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1411
Franz, M. M., Freedman, P. B., Goldstein, K. M., & Ridout, T. N. (2007). Campaign advertising and American democracy. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Freedman, P., & Goldstein, K. (1999). Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads. American Journal of Political Science, 43, 1189–1208.
Garramone, G. M. (1984). Voter responses to negative political advertisements. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 250–259.
Garramone, G. M., Atkin, C. K., Pinkleton, B. E., & Cole, R. T. (1990). Effects of negative political advertising on the political process. Journal of Electronic Media, 34, 299–311.
Goldstein, K., & Ridout, T. N. (2004). Measuring the effects of televised political advertising in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 7, 205–226. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.012003.104820
Geer, J. G. (2006). In defense of negativity: Attack ads in presidential campaigns. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Harvell, L. A., & Pfau, M. W. (2012). The factors that contribute to the persuasiveness of political advertising messages. Iowa Journal of Communication, 44, 180–201.
Jamieson, K. H. (1992). Dirty politics: Deception, distraction, and democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Johnson-Cartee, K. S., & Copeland, G. A. (1991). Negative political advertising: Coming of age. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Johnson-Cartee, K. S., & Copeland, G. A. (1997). Manipulation of the American Voter: Political campaign commercials. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Johnston, A., & Kaid, L. L. (2002). Image advertisements and issue advertisements in US presidential advertising: Using videostyle to explore stylistic differences in televised political advertisements from 1952–2000. Journal of Communication, 52, 281–300. doi:10.1093/joc/52.2.281
Kahn, K. F., & Geer, J. G. (1994). Creating impressions: An experimental investigation of political advertising on television. Political Behavior, 16, 93–116. doi:10.1007/BF01541644
Kaid, L. L., Fernandes, J., & Painter, D. (2011). Effects of political advertising in the 2008 presidential campaign. American Behavioral Scientist, 55, 437–456. doi:10.1177/0002764211398071
Kaid, L. L., & Sanders, K. R. (1978). Political television commercials: An experimental study of the type and length. Communication Research, 5, 57–70.
Krupnikov, Y. (2014). How negativity can increase and decrease voter turnout: The effect of timing. Political Communication, 31, 446–466. doi:10.1080/10584609.2013.828141
Lau, R. R., Sigelman, L., Heldman, C., & Babbitt, P. (1999). The effects of negative political advertisements: A meta-analytic assessment. American Political Science Review, 93, 851–872. doi:10.2307/2586117
Marcus, G. E., & MacKuen, M. B. (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: The emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87, 672–685.
Meirick, P., Nisbett, G. S., Jefferson, M. D., & Pfau, M. W. (2011). The influence of tone, target, and issue ownership on political advertising effects in primary vs. general elections. Journal of Political Marketing, 10(3), 275–296. doi:10.1080/15377857.2011.588111
Meirick, P. C., Robertson, K. J., Harvell, L. A., Nisbett, G. S., Jefferson, M. D., Kim, T., & Pfau, M. W. (2010, November). To tell the truth: Ad watch coverage, ad tone, and the veracity and focus of political advertising. Presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association in San Francisco, California.
Miller, M.D., & Burgoon, M. (1979). The relationship between violations of expectations and the induction of resistance to persuasion. Human Communication Research, 5, 301–313.
Newhagen, J. E., & Reeves, B. (1991). Emotion and memory responses for negative political advertising: A study of television commercials used in the 1988 presidential election. In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and political advertising: Psychological processes (pp. 197–220). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Painter, D.L. (2014). Collateral damage: Involvement and the effects of negative Super PAC advertising. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(4), 510–523. doi:10.1177/0002764213506210
Patterson, T. E., & McClure, R. D. (1976). Television and the less-interested voter: The costs of an informed electorate. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 425, 88–97.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
Phillips, J. M., Urbany, J. E., & Reynolds, T. J. (2008). Confirmation and the effects of valenced political advertising: A field experiment. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 794–806. doi:10.1086/523287
Pinkleton, B. (1997). The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluations and advertising evaluations: An exploration. Journal of Advertising, 26, 19–29.
Roddy, B. L., & Garramone, G. M. (1988). Appeals and strategies of negative political advertising. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32, 415–427.
Thorson, E., Christ, W. G., & Caywood, C. (1991). Effects of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 4, 465–486.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2016 Lindsey A. Harvell and Gwendelyn S. Nisbett
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harvell, L.A., Nisbett, G.S. (2016). Midterm Voters: An Investigation of the Heuristic Systematic Processing Model and Political Advertisements. In: Hendricks, J.A., Schill, D. (eds) Communication and Midterm Elections. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137488015_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137488015_13
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-55663-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-48801-5
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)