Abstract
Modern anthropology and archeology suggest that everyone presently living on earth may descend from a single woman who lived in East-Central Africa about 150 millennia ago. This hypothetical person has been called “Mitochondrial Eve.”. Mitochondrial DNA passes from mother to child. Fossil and DNA evidence points to the possibility that she is everyone’s most recent common ancestor. She was not the only living person at the time, but direct lines from the others were presumably discontinuous (life along the way not having been easy). Whether this particular common human origin is entirely correct or not, there is little doubt that today’s humans are of common descent.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Michael Lind, “Against Cosmopolitanism,” in Breakthrough Journal, No. 1 (Summer 2011), p. 30.
Terry Glavin, “About China: Canadians Need to Talk about What’s Happening Under our Noses,” www.transmontanus.blogspot.ca (December 10, 2011). Accessed December 2, 2013. Glavin is a conservative whose work appears in the Ottawa Citizen and the National Post.
Anka Lee, How Standing Up for Chinese Workers Helps Our Economy: A Policy Brief (Washington D.C.: Progressive Policy Institute, 2012).
Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998). For Nussbaum’s eloquent case for global citizenship see Not for Profit (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).
See Mary Landers, “Solar Has a Bright Future in Georgia,” www.savannahnow.com (September 2, 2013). Accessed September 3, 2013.
See also Grace Wyler, “A War over Solar Power Is Raging within the GOP,” www.newrepublic.com (November 21, 2013).
One exception to this was environmental policy. In the 1970s heyday of environmentalism American legislation added provisions for public involvement in environmental regulatory decisions. See Robert Paehlke, “Democracy and Environmentalism: Opening a Door to the Administrative State,” in Robert Paehlke and Douglas Torgerson, eds., Managing Leviathan: Environmental Politics and the Administrative State (Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2005), pp. 25–43.
See, for example, Peter M. Shane, ed., Democracy Online: The Prospects for Political Renewal through the Internet (London: Routledge, 2004)
and Elaine Ciulla Kamarck and Joseph S. Nye, eds., Governance.Com: Democracy in the Information Age (Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2002).
Regarding the rising influence of the political blogs see Lowell Feld and Nate Wilcox, Netroots Rising: How a Citizen Army of Bloggers and Online Activists is Changing American Politics (New York: Praeger, 2009)
and Jerome Armstrong and Markos Moulitsas Zuniga, Crashing the Gate: Netroots, Grassroots, and the Rise of People-Powered Politics (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2006).
All quotes here from Bill McKibben, “A Movement for a New Planet,” www.thenation.com (August 19, 2013). Accessed August 20, 2013.
See Mary Kaldor, Global Civil Society: An Answer to War (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2003).
The most horrific example of this came in 2013 in Bangladesh when more than 1000 clothing workers perished in a fire reminiscent of events in America’s garment industry more than a century earlier. See Sarah Butler, “Three Factory Safety Deals in Bangladesh Aim to Improve Conditions,” www.theguardian.com (October 23, 2013) and Worker Rights Consortium, “Global Wage Trends for Apparel Workers, 2001–2011,” www.americanprogress.org (July 11, 2013).
See Gavin Fridell, Fair Trade Coffee: The Prospects and Pitfalls o f Market-Oriented Social Justice (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007).
See Mark Lifsher, www.latimes.com (January 4, 2012) and Jamie Raskin, “The Rise of Benefit Corporations,” www.thenation.com (June 8, 2011).
Ben Garside, “Norway Pledges $300 million/year to Green World’s Power,” www.reuters.com (January 18, 2012).
See Kwame Anthony Appiah, Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (New York: Norton, 2007).
Frances Moore Lappé, Eco-Mind (New York: Nation Books, 2011).
Kofi Annan, “A United Call for Action on Climate Change,” www.washingtonpost.com (January 22, 2014).
See Arlie Hochschild, “How to Foster Compassion in Children,” www.latimes.com (September 2, 2013). Accessed September 3, 2013.
See also Tracy Kidder, Mountains Beyond Mountains (New York: Random House, 2003) — a biography of Paul Farmer and www.pih.org.
See Sarah Dougherty, “This Is What Politicians Debating Global Warming Will Look Like Soon,” www.globalpost.com (March 26, 2014).
Yotam Ottolenghi and Sami Tamimi, Jerusalem: A Cookbook (New York: Random House Appetite, 2012).
Americans tend to misjudge how much they presently contribute, at least in terms of the proportion of the federal budget going to foreign aid. See: Ezra Klein, “The Budget Myth,…” www.washingtonpost.com (November 7, 2013). Accessed December 2, 2013.
Global Peace Index 2012 data suggests that domestic and international violence and avoiding it cost the world cost the world $9 trillion or more than 10% of GDP. See Steve Killelea, “The Peace-Prosperity Cycle,” www.project-syndicate.org (October 22, 2013). Accessed October 25, 2013.
The links among believing that one can influence political outcomes, citizen political participation and political efficacy is treated extensively in political science dating back to the 1960s. See, for example, the classic Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little Brown, 1963).
Francis Fukuyama, “The Future of History,” in Foreign Affairs 91 ( January, 2012), p. 53.
See: Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy, American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality (Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 2004) available at www.apsanet.org. See also Piketty, op cit.
Regarding some positive effects of global economic integration on global equity see Francis Stewart and Albert Berry, “Globalization, Liberalization, and Inequality: Expectations and Experience,” in Andrew Hurrell and Ngaire Woods, eds., Inequality, Globalization, and World Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 150–186.
Branko Milanovic, The Haves and the Have-Nots (New York: Basic Books, 2012).
Thomas Schutz, “Has America Become an Oligarchy?” www.spiegel.de/international (October 28, 2011).
Many politicians pretend that these forces are more beyond their control than they actually are. See Robert Paehlke, Democracy’s Dilemma: Environment, Social Equity, and the Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004).
See, for example, Ian Reifowitz, Obama’s America: A Transformative Vision of Our National Identity (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012). See also Maureen A. Craig and Jennifer A. Richeson, “On the Precipice of a ‘Majority-Minority’ America: Perceived Status Threat from the Racial Demographic Shift Affects White Americans’ Political Ideology,” Psychological Science, published online April 3, 2014.
See Rich McEachran, “African Social Enterprises Pave the Way for Solar Power while Stimulating the Local Economy,” www.theguardian.com (December 3, 2013). See also www.nokero.com, www.solar-aid.org and www.solarsister.org.
See Julia Pyper, “EPA Bans Sooty Ship Fuel off U.S. Coasts,” www.scientificamerican.com (August 2, 2012). Accessed: December 2, 2013.
Anna Lappe, Diet for a Hot Planet (New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2010).
Kemal Dervis, “The Inequality Trap,” www.projectsyndicate.org (March 8, 2012).
Copyright information
© 2014 Robert C. Paehlke
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paehlke, R.C. (2014). Conclusion: Building Global Citizenship. In: Hegemony and Global Citizenship. Philosophy, Public Policy, and Transnational Law. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476029_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476029_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-50191-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-47602-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)