Introduction: Cybercrime Risks and Responses — Eastern and Western Perspectives

Abstract

Crime has traditionally been a domestic concern for nation-states, with individual jurisdictions having their own responsibility for policing, prosecution, criminal trial, and the imposition of judicial punishments. Although some conventional crime types, such as maritime piracy, smuggling, and organized crime have always crossed jurisdictional borders and required transnational cooperation for investigation and judicial responses, it was not until the mid-twentieth century that crime became a more globalized phenomenon. As Findlay (1999, p. 2) observed:

The globalisation of capital from money to the electronic transfer of credit, of transactions of wealth from the exchange of property to info-technology, and the seemingly limitless expanse of immediate and instantaneous global markets, have enabled the transformation of crime beyond people, places and even identifiable crimes.