Abstract
Over 40 years ago, on 2 January 1973, the first community service order in the world was made in Nottingham Crown Court by Mr Justice James. The order was for 120 hours and was given to Peter, a cannabis supplier and a university student. As the senior probation officer responsible for initiating the Home Office pilot scheme in Nottinghamshire, I was summoned to the judge’s retiring room at lunchtime before the sentencing decision was announced. The judge wanted to know what the new measure involved, where Peter would be placed and how accountable the service would be if he failed to respond to the terms of the order.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bennett, A. (2014) ‘Foreword’, in R. Statham (ed.), The Golden Age of Probation (Hampshire: Waterside Press).
Blom-Cooper, L. (2012) an unpublished interview with John Harding, 18 August 2012.
de Smit, N. W. (1976) ‘Involvement of the public in the administration of justice’, NACRO, European Crime Conference, London.
Dickson, A. (1973) ‘Delinquents into donors’, Prison Service Journal (2), pp. 8–12.
Flegg, D. et al. (1976) Community Service Consumer Survey — 1973–76 (Nottingham: Nottinghamshire Probation and After-Care Service).
Harding, J. (ed.) (1974) Introduction — Community Service by Offenders — (The Nottinghamshire Experiment) (London: NACRO).
Harding, J. (2013) ‘Forty years of community service’, the Guardian (Society Section), 9 January 2013 (London).
Loach, K. (2012) ‘Angel’s Share’, DVD. London: Entertainment One.
Marshall, R. (1974) ‘Community service — the offender’s view’, in J. Harding (ed.), Community Service by Offenders (The Nottinghamshire Experiment) (London: NACRO).
Moriarty, M. (2013) Personal Communication to John Harding, 31 October 2013.
Oakley, A (2011) A Critical Woman: Barbara Wootton, Social Science and Public Policy in the 20th Century (London: Bloomsbury Academic).
Pease, K. (1978) ‘Community service and the tariff’ Criminal Law Review, 1978a, pp. 269–275.
Pease, K., Durkin, P., Earnshaw, I., Payne, D. and Thorpe, J. (1975) Community Service Orders, Home Office Research Study Number 29 (London: HMSO).
Rex, S. (2002) ‘Reinventing community penalties: The role of communication’, in Sue Rex and Michael Tonry (eds.), Reform and Punishment: The Future of Sentencing (Cullumpton: Willan), pp. 138–158.
Stephens, F. (1976) ‘A study of inter-organisational relationships between community service units and voluntary agencies providing field placements for community service workers’, Project Report for the National Institute of Social Work (London: 5 Tavistock Place).
Wootton, B. (1959) Social Science and Pathology (London, Allen and Unwin).
Wootton, B. (1978) Crime and Penal Policy: Reflections on Fifty Years’ Experience (London: Allen & Unwin).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 John Harding
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harding, J. (2015). From Planning to Practice: Pioneering Community Service Orders in England and Wales, 1972–1974. In: Wasik, M., Santatzoglou, S. (eds) The Management of Change in Criminal Justice. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137462497_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137462497_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-57650-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-46249-7
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)