Skip to main content

Who Do You Say That I Am?

From Incomprehensible Ousia to Active Presencia: An Evangélica Reimagining of the Doctrine of God

  • Chapter
Christian Doctrines for Global Gender Justice
  • 113 Accesses

Abstract

What do we mean when we say God? This is the question that I faced when a female, Muslim student who had enrolled in my class on Trinity persisted in asking, “What about the Father?” Her question made me stop. It was, after all, a good question. What about the First Person of the Triune God? It is the same question I faced when invited to write this chapter on God. “Oh, you mean a chapter on the Trinity,” I pressed, “because to say ‘God’ is to refer to the Triune God.” Indeed, theological discourse had swung on its cogitating pendulum from a time in which God was split between de Deo uno and de Deo trino to a time in which, at least in the Western Church, the Triune God was considered barely at all. The turn of the twentieth century, particularly with Karl Barth and Karl Rahner, saw a renaissance in Trinitarian theology, and since then there is no lack of material on the subject. Theology, it seems, is back on a tri-theological footing in its talk about God. I wanted to make sure I did not inadvertently go back to the uno–trino split. The editors of this collection looked at me, puzzled, and explained that they already had a chapter on Trinity in the first volume of this series. Thus their invitation was for a chapter on the First Person of the Trinity—except that no self-respecting feminist would have invited me to write about “the Father.” Indeed, any postmodern, postcolonial, constructive, or contextual theologian worth their salt would probably hesitate to take on this assignment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Abalos, David T. Latinos in the United States: The Sacred and the Political. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agosto, Efraín. “Reading the Word in America.” In MisReading America: Scriptures and Difference, edited by Vincent L. Wimbush, 117–64. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcina French, José. “La Cultura Taína Como Sociedad de Transición.” In La Cultura Taína, edited by Las Culturas de América en la Época de Descubrimiento, 67–79. Madrid: Turner Libros, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, Francis I. The Anchor Bible Commentary. Vol. 25, Habakkuk. New York: Doubleday, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, Paul N. “The-Having-Sent- Me Father: Aspects of Agency, Encounter, and Irony in the Johannine Father-Son Relationship.” Semeia 85 (1999): 33–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Anselm of Canterbury. “Proslogium.” In Basic Writings, translated by S. N. Deane. LaSalle, IL: Open Court Publishing, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica. Vol. 4, IIa IIae QQ. 149–89 to IIIa QQ. 1–73. 2nd ed. Translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Augustine. The Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill. Brooklyn: New City Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker-Fletcher, Karen. Dancing with God: The Trinity from a Womanist Perspective. St. Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barndt, Joseph. Understanding and Dismantling Racism: The Twenty-First Century Challenge to White America. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Michael René. “Augustine in Contemporary Trinitarian Theology.” Theological Studies 56 (1995): 237–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, Karl. Church Dogmatics. Vol. 2.1, The Doctrine of God. Translated by T. H. L. Parker et al. Edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Church Dogmatics. Vol. 4.2, The Doctrine of Reconciliation. Translated by G. W. Bromiley. Edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. The Epistle to the Romans. 6th ed. Translated by Edwyn C. Hoskins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cervantes-Ortíz, Leopoldo. “God, Trinity, and Latin America Today.” Journal of Reformed Theology 3, no. 2 (2009): 157–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, Simon. “Father Knows Best: Language of God’s Fatherhood Communicates Something Essential about His Nature.” Christianity Today 57, no. 6 (July–August 2013): 48–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi Hee An. Korean Women and God: Experiencing God in a Multi-Religious Colonial Context. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conde-Frazier, Elizabeth. “Crossing Wilderness and Desert toward Community: The Spirituality of Research and Scholarship.” Perspectivas (Fall 2000): 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Evangélicas Reading Scriptures: Readings from within and beyond the Tradition.” In Latina Evangélicas: A Theological Survey from the Margins, by Loida I. Martell-Otero, Zaida Maldonado Pérez, and Elizabeth Conde Frazier, 73–89. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Hispanic Protestant Spirituality.” In Teología en Conjunto: A Collaborative Hispanic Protestant Theology, edited by José David Rodríguez and Loida I. Martell-Otero, 125–45. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Latina Women and Immigration.” Journal of Latin American Theology 3, no 2 (2008): 54–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costas, Orlando E. Christ outside the Gate: Mission beyond Christendom. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Evangelism from the Periphery: The Universality of Galilee.” Apuntes 2, no. 4 (Winter 1982): 75–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Liberating News: A Theology of Contextual Evangelization. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Angelo, Mary Rose. “Intimating Deity in the Gospel of John: Theological Language and ‘Father’ in ‘Prayers of Jesus.’” Semeia 85 (1999): 59–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elizondo, Virgilio. Galilean Journey: The Mexican-American Promise. 2nd ed. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Guadalupe: Mother of Creation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espín, Orlando O. The Faith of the People: Theological Reflections on Popular Catholicism. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Pentecostalism and Popular Catholicism: The Poor and Traditio.” Journal of Hispanic/Latino Theology 3, no. 2 (November 1995): 14–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esquivel, Julia. “Conquered and Violated Women.” In 1492–1992: The Voice of the Victims, edited by Leonardo Boff and Virgil Elizondo, 68–77. London: SCM Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fretheim, Terence E. “The Color of God: Israel’s God-talk and Life Experience.” Word and World 6, no. 3 (Summer 1986): 256–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, Roger, and Richard D. Hecht. “The Power of Place.” In Religion, Violence, Memory and Place, edited by Oren Baruch Stier and J. Shawn Landres. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebara, Ivone. Out of the Depths: Women’s Experience of Evil and Salvation. Translated by Ann Patrick Ware. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez Acevedo, Labor, and Manuel Ballesteros Gaibrois. Vida y Cultura Precolombinas de Puerto Rico. Río Piedras, PR: Editorial Cultural, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • González, Justo L. Mañana: Christian Theology from a Hispanic Perspective. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, Gustavo. The God of Life. Translated by Matthew J. O’Connell. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. La Fuerza Histórica de los Pobres: Selección de Trabajos. Lima, Perú: Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics and Salvation. Rev. ed. Translated by Sister Caridad Inda and John Eagleson. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, H. C. “Kairos.” In The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, vol. 3, Pri-Z, edited by Colin Brown. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobgood, Mary Elizabeth. Dismantling Privilege: An Ethics of Accountability. Rev. ed. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isasi-Díaz, Ada María. La Lucha Continues: Mujerista Theology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenson, Robert. The Triune Identity: God According to the Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Elizabeth A. Quest for the Living God: Mapping Frontiers in the Theology of God. New York: Continuum, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse. New York: rossroad, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laats, Alar. Doctrines of the Trinity in Eastern and Western Thought: A Study with Special Reference to Karl Barth and Vladimir Lossky. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaCugna, Catherine Mowry. God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life. Chicago: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenhardt, Franz-J. “La signification de la notion de parole dans la pensée chrétienne.” Revue D’Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 35, no. 3 (1955): 263–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Berrisford. “Forging an Understanding of Black Humanity through Relationships: n Ubuntu Perspective.” Black Theology 8, no. 1 (2010): 69–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lossky, Vladimir. “Apophasis and Trinitarian Theology.” In Eastern Orthodox Theology: Contemporary Reader, edited by David B. Clenderin, 149–62. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado, Daisy L. “The Unnamed Woman: Justice, Feminists, and the Undocumented Woman.” In A Reader in Latina Feminist Theology: Religion and Justice, edited by María Pilar Aquino, Daisy L. Machado, and Jeanette Rodríguez, 160–76. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado Pérez, Zaida. “The Trinity.” In Handbook of Latino/a Theologies, edited by Edwin David Aponte and Miguel de la Torre, 32–39. St. Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “The Trinity Es y Son Familia.” In Latinas Evangélicas: A Theological Survey from the Margins, by Loida I. Martell-Otero, Zaida Maldonado Pérez, and Elizabeth Conde-Frazier, 52–72. Eugene, OR: Cascade Publications, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martell-Otero, Loida I. “From Satas to Santas: Sobrajas No More—Salvation in the Spaces of the Everyday.” In Latina Evangélicas: A Theological Survey from the Margins, by Loida I. Martell-Otero, Zaida Maldonado Pérez, and Elizabeth Conde-Frazier, 33–51. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Introduction: Abuelita Theologies.” In Latinas Evangélicas: A Theological Survey from the Margins, by Loida I. Martell-Otero, Zaida Maldonado Pérez, and Elizabeth Conde-Frazier, 1–13. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Liberating News: An Emerging U.S. Hispanic/Latina Soteriology of the Crossroads.” PhD diss., Fordham University, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “My GPS Does Not Work in Puerto Rico: An Evangélica Spirituality.” American Baptist Quarterly 30, no. 3–4 (Fall–Winter 2011): 256–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Reading against the Grain: Scripture and Constructive Evangélica Theology.” In Latino/a Theology and the Bible: Religious-Theological Approaches to Scriptural Interpretation, edited by Fernando F. Segovia and Francisco Lozada. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFague, Sallie. “Falling in Love with God and the World: Some Reflections on the Doctrine of God.” Ecumenical Review 65, no. 1 (March 2013): 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. Models of God: Theology for an Ecological, Nuclear Age. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mnyaka, Mluleki, and Mokgeth Motlhabi. “The African Concept of Ubuntu/Botho and Its Social Moral Significance.” Black Theology 3, no. 2 (July 2005): 215–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Day, Gail R. “‘Show Us the Father, and We Will Be Satisfied’ (John 14:8).” Semeia 85 (1999): 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otto, Rudolf. The Idea of the Holy. Translated by John W. Harvey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedraja, Luis G. Teología: An Introduction to Hispanic Theology. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raabe, Paul R. “On Feminized God-Language.” Concordia Theological Quarterly 74, no. 1–2 (2010): 123–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahner, Karl. Foundations of Christian Faith: An Introduction to the Idea of Christianity. Translated by William Dych. New York: Seabury Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. The Trinity. Translated by Joseph Donceel. New York: Herder and Herder, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendón, Laura I. SentiPensante (Sensing/Thinking) Pedagogy: Educating for Wholeness, Social Justice, and Liberation. Sterling, VA: Stylus, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez, Jeannette. “Sangre llama a sangre: Cultural Memory as a Source of Theological Insight.” In Hispanic/Latino Theology: Challenge and Promise, edited by Ada María Isasi-Díaz and Fernando F. Segovia, 117–33. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruether, Rosemary Radford. Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a Feminist Theology. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauceda Chavez, Teresa. “Love at the Crossroads: Skipping Stones to a Doctrine of God in Hispanic/ Latino Theology.” In Teología en Conjunto: A Collaborative Hispanic Protestant Theology, edited by José David Rodríguez and Loida I. Martell-Otero, 22–32. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, Albert. The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Andrea. “Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide.” In Remembering Conquest: Feminist/Womanist Perspectives on Religion, Colonization, and Sexual Violence, edited by Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis and Marie M. Fortune, 31–52. New York: Hawthorne Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tertullian . Against Praxeas. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, 597–627. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, Marianne Meye. “The Living Father.” Semeia 85 (1999): 19–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twiss, Richard. “Living in Transition, Embracing Community, and Envisioning God as Trinitarian Mutuality: Reflections from a Native-American Follower of Jesus.” In Remembering Jamestown: Hard Questions about Christian Missions, edited by Amos Yong and Barbara Brown Zikmund, 93–108. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, John. “Trinity and Creation.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 4–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, Traci C. “Spirit-Colonizing Violations: Racism, Sexual Violence and Black American Women.” In Remembering Conquest: Feminist/Womanist Perspectives on Religion, Colonization, and Sexual Violence, edited by Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis and Marie M. Fortune, 19–30. New York: Hawthorne Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widdicombe, Peter. “The Fathers on the Father in the Gospel of John.” Semeia 85 (1999): 105–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Delores S. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Challenge of Womanist God-Talk. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zachariah, George. “Re-Imagining God of Life from the Margins.” Ecumenical Review 65, no. 1 (March 2013): 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zizioulas, John D. Communion and Otherness: Further Studies in Personhood and the Church. New York: T&T Clark, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “The Doctrine of God.” In Lectures in Christian Dogmatics, 40–75. London: T&T Clark, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Jenny Daggers Grace Ji-Sun Kim

Copyright information

© 2015 Jenny Daggers and Grace Ji-Sun Kim

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Martell-Otero, L.I. (2015). Who Do You Say That I Am?. In: Daggers, J., Kim, G.JS. (eds) Christian Doctrines for Global Gender Justice. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137462220_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics