Skip to main content

New Age Medicine Men versus New Age Noaidi: Same Neoshamanism, Different Sociopolitical Situation

  • Chapter
Nordic Neoshamanisms
  • 157 Accesses

Abstract

As a movement, neoshamanism has propagated the idea of a universal shamanism as being the traditional religion of all indigenous people. And whether this portrayal is accurate or not, neoshamanism has become a global phenomenon. However, some academic observers have articulated certain themes about the politics of essentialized indigenous identity and spirituality that paint the production of neoshamanism as artificial and inauthentic. This has particularly been the case with certain forms of North American neoshamanism in which Euroamericans have adopted/ adapted Native American spiritual traditions, a pattern that has been harshly criticized as cultural colonialism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aldred, Lisa. 2000. “Plastic Shamans and Astroturf Sun Dances: New Age Commercialization of Native American Spirituality.” American Indian Quarterly 24(3): 329–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baglo, Cathrine. 2001. “From Universal Homogeneity to Essential Heterogeneity: On the Visual Construction of ‘the Lappish Race.’” Acta Borealia 18(2): 23–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, Louise K. 1975. The Ignoble Savage: American Literary Racism, 1790–1890 Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierhorst, John. 1994. The Way of the Earth: Native America and the Environment. New York: William Morrow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, Cato. 2007. “Urfolksspiritualitet på det nyreligiøse markedet. En analyse av tidsskriftet Visjon/Alternativt Nettverk.” Din: Tidsskrift for religion og kultur 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, Ward. 1988. “Sam Gill’s Mother Earth: Colonialism, Genocide and the Expropriation of Indigenous Spiritual Tradition in Contemporary Academia.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 12(3): 49–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 2003. “Spiritual Hucksterism: The Rise of the Plastic Medicine Men.” Cultural Survival Quarterly 27(2): 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dippie, Brian W. 1982. The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DuBois, Thomas A. 2009. An Introduction to Shamanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliade, Mircea. 2004 [1951]. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. New York: Bollingen Series; Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkenberg, Johs. 1941. Bosetningen ved indre Laksefjord i Finnmark: Optegnelser fra1938. Oslo: Etnografisk Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonneland, Trude. 2012. “Spiritual Entrepreneurship in a Northern Landscape: Spirituality, Tourism and Politics.” Temenos 48(2): 155–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 2013. “Sami Tourism and the Signposting of Spirituality. The Case of Sami Tour: a Spiritual Entrepreneur in the Contemporary Experience Economy.” Acta Borealia 30(2): 190–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. forthcoming. “Changing Religious Landscapes: The approval of a northern Norwegian shamanic association,” in James R. Lewis and Inga Bårdsen Tøllefsen (eds.) Nordic New Religions. Leiden: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonneland, Trude, and Siv Ellen Kraft. 2013. “New Age, Sami Shamanism and Indigenous Spirituality,” in Steven J. Sutcliffe and Ingvild Sælid Gilhus (eds.) New Age Spirituality: Rethinking Religion. Durham, UK: Acumen Publishing, 132–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaski, Harald. 1993. “The Sami People: The ‘White Indians’ of Scandinavia.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 17(1): 115–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaup, Ailo. 2005. The Shamanic Zone. Oslo, Norway: Three Bears Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, Sam. 1987. Mother Earth: An American Story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, Charlotte E. 2007. “’He May Be Lying But What He Says Is True’: The Sacred Tradition of Don Juan as Reported by Carlos Castaneda, Anthropologist, Trickster, Guru, Allegorist,” in James R. Lewis and Olav Hammer (eds.) The Invention of Sacred Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 38–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harner, Michael J., Jeffrey Mishlove, and Arthur Bloch. 1990 [1980]. The Way of the Shaman. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, Geary. 1981. “The Rise of the White Shaman as a New Version of Cultural Imperialism,” in Geary Hobson (ed.) The Remembered Earth: An Anthology of Contemporary Native American literature. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 100–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hætta, Odd Mathis. 2002. Samene: Nordkalottens urfolk. Kritiansand: Høyskoleforl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen, Merete Demant. 1999. Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing. New York: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehoe, Alice B. 1996. “Eliade and Hultkrantz: the European Primitivism Tradition.” American Indian Quarterly 20(3/4): 377–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraft, Siv Ellen. 2009. “Sami Indigenous Spirituality: Religion and Nation Building in Norwegian Sápmi.” Temenos: Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion 45(2): 179–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 2010. “The Making of a Sacred Mountain: Meanings of Nature and Sacredness in Sápmi and Northern Norway.” Religion 40(1): 53–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 2011. Hva er nyreligiøsitet? Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. forthcoming. “New Age Spiritualities,” in James R. Lewis and Jesper Aagaard Petersen (eds.) Controversial New Religions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, James R. 1992. “Approaches to the Study of the New Age,” in James R. Lewis and J. Gordon Melton (eds.) Perspectives on the New Age. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathisen, Stein R. 2012. “Indigenous Spirituality in the Touristic Borderzone: Virtual Performances of Sámi Shamanism in Sápmi Park.” Temenos 46(1): 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Barbara Helen. 2007. Connecting and Correcting: A Case Study of Sami Healers in Porsanger 151. Leiden: CNWS Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minde, Henry. 1998. “Constructing ‘Laestadianism’: A Case for Sami Survival?” Acta Borealia: A Nordic Journal of Circumpolar Societies 15(1): 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myrhaug, May-Lisbeth. 1997. I Modergudinnens Fotspor: Samisk Religion Med Vekt Pa Kvinnelige Kultutvere Og Gudinnekult. Oslo: Pax Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niezen, Ronald. 2003. The Origins of Indigenism: Human Rights and the Politics of Identity. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, Robert. 1965. “Laestadianismen og samfunnet.” Tidsskrift for samjunnsforskning 1: 60–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydving, Håkan. 2004 (1993). The End of Drum-Time: Religious Change Among the Lule Saami, 1670s-1740s. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sande, Hans, and Sigrun Winterfeldt. 1993. “Four Sami Healers: A Preliminary Interview Study.” Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 47(1): 41–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selberg, Torunn. 2001. “Ideas about the Past and Tradition in the Discourse about Neo-shamanism in a Norwegian Context.” Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 46(1): 65–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Andrea. 1991a. “For All Those Who Were Indian in a Former Life.” Ms. Magazine, November/December.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1991b. “The New Age Movement and Native Spirituality.” Indigenous Woman, Spring.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, Gary. 1969. Earth House Hold. New York: New Directions.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Stuckrad, Kocku. 2002. “Reenchanting Nature: Modern Western Shamanism and Nineteenth-Century Thought.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 70(4): 771–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallis, Robert J. 1999. “Altered States, Conflicting Cultures: Shamans, Neo-shamans and Academics.” Anthropology of Consciousness 10(2): 41–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 2003. Shamans/neo-shamans: Ecstasies, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, Jace, ed. 1996. Defending Mother Earth: Native Perspectives on Environmental Justice. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Siv Ellen Kraft Trude Fonneland James R. Lewis

Copyright information

© 2015 Siv Ellen Kraft, Trude Fonneland, and James R. Lewis

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lewis, J.R. (2015). New Age Medicine Men versus New Age Noaidi: Same Neoshamanism, Different Sociopolitical Situation. In: Kraft, S.E., Fonneland, T., Lewis, J.R. (eds) Nordic Neoshamanisms. Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137461407_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics