Abstract
The American army’s use of torture in the Philippines began shortly after it began fighting a guerrilla opponent. Throughout the conventional war phase of the Philippine War, which lasted from February to November of 1899, the army did not use torture against prisoners. Some troops, particularly the poorly trained state volunteers, committed abuses against civilians, and there were scattered reports of soldiers killing enemy soldiers at the point of surrender. For the most part, however, the US army treated prisoners well. Almost immediately after the Filipinos switched to guerrilla tactics, the US army began experimenting with the use of torture to get prisoners to reveal the location and identity of guerrillas and the location of hidden guns. Field officers did not use torture in obedience to orders but instead innovated torture methods on their own in spite of official policy not to use it. Senior commanders responded differently to their subordinates’ use of torture. A few worked hard to prohibit it, but most either remained ignorant of its use or chose to look the other way.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Brian McAllister Linn, The Philippine War, 1899–1902 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2000).
Linn, Philippine War; John Scott Reed, Burden and Honor: The United States Volunteers in the Philippines, 1899–1901 (Doctoral Dissertation in History, University of Southern California, May 1994), 343.
Information in this and following paragraphs taken from Linn, Philippine War, and Brian McAllister Linn, The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899–1902 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989).
Congressional Record—Senate, January 31, 1901, 1715. Hereafter CR—Senate; D. H. Smith, “Atrocities in the Philippines: Some New Evidence,” Pacific Historical Review 55 (1986): 281–283.
Copyright information
© 2014 Christopher J. Einolf
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Einolf, C.J. (2014). Early Experimentation, 1898–1900. In: America in the Philippines, 1899–1902. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137460769_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137460769_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-68987-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-46076-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)