Abstract
This work analyses the stance taken by the Jewish Argentine press before, during and after the so-called Yom Kippur War in the Middle East in October 1973.1 This study focuses on the reception and spreading of the war in Argentina, taking the press as a core idea and the way in which it presented the information revealing its intentions or political interests. The diasporic press chosen for this study consists of three publications in Spanish with a remarkable flow in Jewish settings: Mundo Israelita, which expressed the opinion of most of the Jewish leadership; Nueva Sión, connected to Socialist Zionist Youth aligned with the Hashomer Hatzair political group; and Tiempo of the Jewish-Communist members of the Federation of Jewish Cultural Entities in Argentina (Idisher Cultur Farband — ICUF). These publications were chosen because they represent sectors with diverse political opinions in the Argentine Jewish field.
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Notes
The Yom Kippur War took place between 6 and 24 October 1973, when Israel was simultaneously attacked by Egypt and Syria. Its onset coincided with Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), in which the Jewish are used to fasting following their traditions. (Hourani, A. (1991) La historia de los írabes. Buenos Aires: Vergara, p. 499).
These questioning to the Jewish studies is suggested in R. Rein’s work ((2011) ¿Judíos-argentinos o argentinos-judíos? Identidad, Etnicidad y diíspora. Buenos Aires: Edit. Lumiere, 27–48).
Schindel, E. (2003) Desaparición y Sociedad. Una lectura de la prensa grífica argentina (1978–1998). Tesis de Doctorado, Departamento de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Libre de Berlín.
See Gurwitz, B. (2012) From the New World to the Third World: Generation, Politics, and the Making of Argentine Jewish Ethnicity (1955–1983). PhD thesis. Berkeley: University of California.
See Toker, E. and Weinstein, A. E. (1999) Trayectoria de una idea. Nueva Sión: 50 años de periodismo judeo-argentino con compromiso. Buenos Aires: Edic. Fundación Mordejai Anilevich.
In 1952 the Prague and Bucarest trials showed the strong aversion of Jews to Stalinism. Under these circumstances the DAIA summoned the affiliated institutions to repudiate the Soviet Union, request which was questioned and repudiated only by the ICUF. Svarch, A. (2005) El comunista sobre el tejado. Historia de la militancia comunista en la calle judía (Buenos Aires, 1920–1950). Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
See Kahan, E. (2009) Tiempo al Tiempo. La revista mensual del ICUF entre la primavera camporista y la irrupción militar (1973–1976). Paper in XV Congress of Jewish Studies. Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Lozowick, Y. (2003) Right to Exist: A Moral Defense of Israel’s Wars. New York: Anchor Books, p. 125.
Resoluciones del Consejo Central del Icuf, Tiempo, May 1973, pp. 18–19.
The Israeli Army ‘poisons crops by means of fumigations, confiscates hundreds of hectares to pacific farmers, and expels Bedouins from their lands … it turns peace into a messianic aspiration’ (Trasfondo, Nueva Sión, 9 May 1973, p. 5).
‘In the face of the Tunisian leader’s response (in which it accused Israel of repeating a Nazi policy over the population of the administered territories) in Israel, there are no symptoms of total hopelessness. The Jews are educated in an eager need for peace’ (Vivir alertados, Mundo Israelita, 14 July 1973, p. 1).
Significativas controversias suscita el acto consumado contra un avión libanes, Mundo Israelita, 18 August 1973, p. 3; También se votó contra la DAIA, Tiempo, March 1973, pp. 1–2.
Reto Irrenunciable, Mundo Israelita, 13 October 1973, p. 3.
Later it was known that the statement by Montoneros was apocryphal. The group was in favour of the Arab dispute, but criticized the tone of the article that they were lumbered with (La guerra en Buenos Aires, Mundo Israelita, 20 October 1973, p. 8).
And about the statements of Nahuel Moreno’s group, see La guerra en Buenos Aires, Mundo Israelita, 10 November 1973, p. 8.
For having ignored the United Nations peace proposal expressed in Resolution 242 of November 1967 (Posición Soviética, Tiempo, October 1973, p. 8).
Ante el cese de fuego en Medio Oriente, Tiempo, December 1973, p. 4.
Cordial entrevista con Perón, Mundo Israelita, 20 October 1973, p. 5.
El presidente de la nación recibió a una delegación de la DAIA, Informativo DAIA, October 1973, pp. 1–2.
See also Schenquer, L. (2013) Actitudes sociales en Dictadura. Estudios sobre las dirigencias de DAIA y de las instituciones religiosas liberales durante el último régimen militar (1976–1983). Tesis de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, University of Buenos Aires.
Ájami, F. (1995) Los írabes en el mundo moderno. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, p. 193.
La Guerra en Buenos Aires, Mundo Israelita, 10 November 1973, p. 8.
Israel y el Tercer Mundo, Nueva Sión, 3 December 1973, p. 2.
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© 2015 Laura Schenquer and Liliana Mayer
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Schenquer, L., Mayer, L. (2015). The Impact of the Yom Kippur War (1973) in the Jewish-Argentine Diaspora Press. In: Ogunyemi, O. (eds) Journalism, Audiences and Diaspora. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137457233_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137457233_9
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