Skip to main content

State-Corporate Environmental Harms and Paradoxical Interventions: Thoughts in Honour of Stanley Cohen

  • Chapter
Green Harms and Crimes

Part of the book series: Critical Criminological Perspectives ((CCRP))

Abstract

Stanley Cohen was concerned with the crimes and harms that are perpetrated by legitimate bodies, such as states and corporations, and with the way in which these acts and omissions, their impacts and consequences (discussed further below), have been routinely ignored, overlooked, excused or simply denied. In various influential works, such as his 1993 article, ‘Human rights and crimes of the state: The culture of denial’, his 1985 book, Visions of Social Control, and his 2001 book, States of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering, Cohen appealed to us to open our eyes, see and acknowledge the hidden crimes, horrors and indignities inflicted by humans on others, and his work explored important themes of truth and deception: the distortion of the former and the ways in which we produce the latter individually and collectively. The victims of ignored or almost invisible crimes and harms can easily be overlooked when offenders seek to hide their actions and the injuries caused, and when these victims are already socially invisible, marginalized or forgotten (Davis et al., 2014; Hall, 2014). No great effort at camouflage or disguise is required if the perpetrators or conspirators can enlist the willing cooperation of many or most in buying into the cover-ups, the denials and the comfortable avoidance of challenge. Stealthy misdirection, misinformation and the power to pay for legal harassment and media control shape a socioeconomic landscape in which the crimes and harms for which the powerful are responsible continue much as ever (Brisman, 2012).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Action Aid (2003) Going against the Grain. London: ActionAid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agnew, R. (2013) ‘The ordinary acts that contribute to ecocide: A criminological analysis’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 58–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (1989) Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisschop, L. (2012a) ‘Is it all going to waste? Illegal transports of e-waste in a European hub’, Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(3): 221–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisschop, L. (2012b) ‘Out of the woods: The illegal trade in tropical timber and a European trade hub’, Global Crime, 13(3): 191–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonds, E. and Downey, L. (2012) ‘“Green” technology and ecologically unequal exchange: The environmental and social consequences of ecological modernization in the world-system’, Journal of World Systems Research, 18(2): 167–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990) The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowling, B. (2011) ‘Transnational criminology and the globalization of harm production’. In Hoyle, C. and Bosworth, M. (eds) What Is Criminology? Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. (2004) ‘Double whammy: Collateral consequences of conviction and imprisonment for sustainable communities and the environment’, William & Mary Environmental Law & Policy Review, 28(2): 423–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. (2007) ‘Toward a more elaborate typology of environmental values: Liberalizing criminal disenfranchisement laws and policies’, New England Journal on Criminal & Civil Confinement, 33(2): 283–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. (2008) ‘Crime-environment relationships and environmental justice’, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 6(2): 727–817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. (2012) ‘The cultural silence of climate change contrarianism’. In White, R. (ed.) Climate Change from a Criminological Perspective. New York: Springer, pp. 41–70.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. (2014) ‘Of theory and meaning in green criminology’, International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(2): 22–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. and South, N. (2013) ‘Resource wealth, power, crime and conflict’. In Walters, R., Westerhuis, D. and Wyatt, T. (eds) Debates in Green Criminology: Power, Justice and Environmental Harm. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 57–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A. and South, N. (2014) Green Cultural Criminology: Constructions of Environmental Harm, Consumerism, and Resistance to Ecocide, London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisman, A., South, N. and White, R. (2015) ‘Toward a criminology of environment-conflict relationships’. In Brisman, A., South, N. and White, R. (eds) Environmental Crime and Social Conflict: Contemporary and Emerging Issues. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, pp. 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, S. (2005) ‘Biotechnology and the politics of truth: From the green revolution to the evergreen revolution’, Sociologia Ruralis, 45(4): 360–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, M. (2000) ‘Orientalism, occidentalism and the sociology of crime’, British Journal of Criminology, 40: 239–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrabine, E., Cox, P., Fussey, P., Hobbs, D., South, N., Thiel, D. and Turton, J. (2014) Criminology: A Sociological Introduction. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. (2013) ‘The control of conflict minerals in Africa and a preliminary assessment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Act’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 214–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1985) Visions of Social Control. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1988) ‘Western crime control models in the Third World’. In Cohen, S. (1988) Against Criminology, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books (reprinted from Spitzer, S. and Simon, R. (eds) (1982) Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control, Vol. 4. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 85–199).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1993) ‘Human rights and crimes of the state: The culture of denial’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 26(2): 97–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (2001) States of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. Frances, P. and Wyatt, T. (eds) (2014) Invisible Crimes and Social Harms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downes, D., Rock, P., Chinkin, C. and Gearty, C. (eds) (2007) Crime, Social Control and Human Rights: From Moral Panics to States of Denial, Essays in Honour of Stanley Cohen. Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fay, B. (1996) Contemporary Philosophy of Social Science: A Multicultural Approach. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghalaieny, M. (2013) Toxic Harm: Humanitarian and Environmental Concerns from Military-Origin Contamination. Manchester, UK: Toxic Remnants of War Project. Accessed at http://www.toxicremnantsofwar.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Toxic_Harm_TRWProject.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianolla, C. (2013) ‘Human rights and nature: Intercultural perspectives and international aspirations’, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 4(1): 58–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, D. and Redclift, M. (1991) Refashioning Nature: Food, Ecology and Culture. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. (2014) Interrogating Green Crime: An Introduction to the Legal, Social and Criminological Contexts of Environmental Harm. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, P. (2010) Eradicating Ecocide: Laws and Governance to Prevent the Destruction of Our Planet. London: Shepheard-Walwyn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, P., Short, D. and South, N. (2013) ‘Protecting the planet: A proposal for a law of ecocide’, Crime, Law and Social Change, 59(3): 251–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillyard, P. and Tombs, S. (2004) ‘Towards a political economy of harm: States, corporations and the production of inequality’. In Hillyard, P., Pantazis, C., Tombs, S. and Gordon, D. (eds) Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto, pp. 30–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, S.C. and Brisman, A. (2013) ‘Technological drift and green machines A cultural analysis of the Prius Paradox, CRIMSOC: The Journal of Social Criminology, Green Criminology Issue (Autumn): 104–133. Accessed at http://socialcriminology.webs.com/CRIMSOC%202013%20Green%20Criminology.pdf.

  • Kauzlarich, D. and Kramer, R.C. (1998) Crimes of the American Nuclear State: At Home and Abroad. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, R.C. (2013) ‘Carbon in the atmosphere and power in America: Climate change as state-corporate crime’, Journal of Crime and Justice, 36(2): 153–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, R.C. and Michalowski, R.J. (2012) ‘Is global warming a state-corporate crime?’ In White, R. (ed.) Climate Change from a Criminological Perspective. New York: Springer, pp. 71–88.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, R.C., Michalowski, R.J. and Kauzlarich, D. (2002) ‘The origins and development of the concept and theory of state-corporate crime’, Crime and Delinquency, 48(2): 263–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefsrud, L. and Meyer, R. (2012) ‘Science or science fiction? Professionals’ discursive construction of climate change’, Organization Studies, 33(11): 1477–1506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, M., Stretesky, P., Lynch, M. and Fenwick, E. (2012) ‘Crime in the coal industry: Implications for green criminology and treadmill of production’, Organization & Environment, 25(3): 328–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michalowski, R.J. and Kramer, R.C. (2006) State-Corporate Crime: Wrongdoing at the Intersection of Business and Government. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nature (2002) ‘Nature Insight: Food and the future’, Nature, 418: 667–707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parmentier, R. (1999) ‘Greenpeace and the dumping of waste at sea: A case of non-state actors’ intervention in international affairs’, International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, 4(3): 435–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, G. (2013) ‘Justifying “green” criminology: Values and “taking sides” in an ecologically informed social science’. In Cowburn, M., Duggan, M., Robinson, A. and Senior, P. (eds) The Value(s) of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Bristol: Policy Press, pp. 125–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D. (2002) ‘Resource extraction industries in the developing world’, Journal of Business Ethics, 39(3): 199–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ringius, L. (2001) Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero, V. (2013) ‘The environment and the crimes of the economy’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 261–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero, V. and South, N. (2013) ‘Toxic state–corporate crimes, neo-liberalism and green criminology: The hazards and legacies of the oil, chemical and mineral industries’, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 2(2): 12–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwendinger, H. and Schwendinger, J. (1970) ‘Defenders of order or guardians of human rights’, Issues in Criminology, 5(2): 123–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiva, V. (1991) The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shove, E., Pantzar, M. and Watson, M. (2012) The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday Life and How It Changes. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sollund, R. (ed.) (2008) Global Harms: Ecological Crime and Speciesism. New York: Nova Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sollund, R. (2013a) ‘Animal trafficking and trade: Abuse and species injustice’. In Walters, R., Westerhuis, D.S. and Wyatt, T. (eds) Emerging Issues in Green Criminology: Exploring Power, Justice and Harm. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 72–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sollund, R. (2013b) ‘The victimization of women, children, and non-human species through trafficking and trade: Crimes understood through an eco-feminist perspective’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 317–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, N. (1998) ‘A green field for criminology? A proposal for a perspective’, Theoretical Criminology, 2(2): 211–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South, N. (2007) ‘The “corporate colonisation of nature”: Bio-prospecting, bio-piracy and the development of green criminology’. In Beirne, P. and South, N. (eds) Issues in Green Criminology: Confronting Harms against Environments, Humanity and other Animals. Cullompton: Willan, pp. 230–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, N. (2014) ‘Green criminology: Reflections, connections, horizons’. International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(2): 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South, N. and Brisman, A. (2012) ‘Critical green criminology, environmental rights and crimes of exploitation’. In Winlow, S. and Atkinson, R. (eds) New Directions in Crime and Deviance. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 99–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) (2013) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, N. and Weiss, R. (1998) ‘Crime, punishment and the “state of prisons” in a changing world’. In Weiss, R. and South, N. (eds) Comparing Prison Systems: Toward a Comparative and International Penology. Gordon and Breach: Amsterdam, pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stretesky, P.B., Long, M.A. and Lynch, M.J. (2013) ‘Does environmental enforcement slow the treadmill of production? The relationship between large monetary penalties, ecological disorganization and toxic releases within offending corporations’, Journal of Crime and Justice, 36(2): 233–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stretesky P., Long, M. and Lynch, M. (2014) The Treadmill of Crime: Political Economy and Green Criminology. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, E. (1949) White Collar Crime. New York: The Dryden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, G.M. and Matza, D. (1957) ‘Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency’, American Sociological Review, 22(6): 664–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vialle, Nöelie (1994) Animal to Edible. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters, R. (2007) ‘Crime, regulation and radioactive waste in the United Kingdom’. In Beirne, P. and South, N. (eds) Issues in Green Criminology. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters, R. (2010) ‘Eco crime’. In Muncie, J., Talbot, D. and Walters, R. (eds) Crime: Local and Global. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, L., Marmo, M. and Fishwick, E. (2014) Crime, Justice and Human Rights. London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2008) ‘Depleted uranium, state crime and the politics of knowing’, Theoretical Criminology, 12(1): 31–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2011) Transnational Environmental Crime: Toward an Eco-global Criminology. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2013) ‘Eco-global criminology and the political economy of environmental harm’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 243–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, T. (2013a) ‘Uncovering the significance of and motivation for wildlife trafficking’. In South, N. and Brisman, A. (eds) Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 303–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, T. (2013b) Wildlife Trafficking: A Deconstruction of the Crime, the Victims, and the Offenders. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, T. (2014) ‘Invisible pillaging: The hidden harms of corporate biopiracy’. In Davis, P., Frances, P. and Wyatt, T. (eds) Invisible Crimes and Social Harms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 161–177.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Avi Brisman and Nigel South

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brisman, A., South, N. (2015). State-Corporate Environmental Harms and Paradoxical Interventions: Thoughts in Honour of Stanley Cohen. In: Sollund, R.A. (eds) Green Harms and Crimes. Critical Criminological Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137456267_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics