Abstract
In the opening weeks of the Great War, Charles Roberts, Britain’s Under Secretary of State for India, addressed Parliament on the colony’s role in the conflict and its seemingly heartfelt rallying to the imperial cause. There appeared little doubt, he remarked, that “India claims not to be a mere dependent of but a partner in the Empire, and her partnership with us cannot but alter the angle from which we shall look … at the problems of the government of India.”2
I would like to thank Rowman & Littlefield for permission to reuse elements of my previously published chapter “Strategies of Inclusion: Lajpat Rai and the Critique of the British Raj” that appeared in The Human Tradition in Modern Europe, 1750 to the Present, Cora Granata and Cheryl Koos, eds (2008).
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Notes
Babu Lal Sud, “London Daily Morning Newspapers,” Modern Review 18, 3 (September 1915), 289, 291.
Padraic Pearse, Collected Works of P.H. Pearse (Dublin: Phoenix Publishing, 1922), 216.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bal Gangadhar Tilak: His Writings and Speeches (Madras: Cambridge, 1918), 319, 321.
D. G. Tendulkar, Mahatma: Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, vol. 1(Delhi: Government of India edition, 1960), 152. Satyagraha, roughly translated, means “soul force.” For Gandhi, it signified passive resistance and nonviolent forms of social and political protest.
Robert Payne, The Life and Death of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1969), 274–275. See also Gandhi to Charles Roberts, August 10, 1914, in TheCollected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. Hereafter CWMG (Delhi: Government of India Publications Division, 1964), XII, 526.
Rajmohan Gandhi, The Good Boatman: A Portrait of Gandhi (New York: Viking, 1995), 10–15. During the Boer War, Gandhi had suggested that Indian troops serve in any capacity, including a combatant role. The South African government initially declined to use even the ambulance unit until heavy losses forced them to call upon the Indians.
Mohandas K. Gandhi, An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with the Truth (Boston: Beacon, 1993), 347.
Jad Adams, Gandhi: The True Man behind Modern India (New York: Pegasus Books, 2011), 90.
See part III of St Nihal Singh’s three part series, “How the Orient is Represented on the London Stage: Caricatures of India and Indians,” Modern Review 8, (December 1915), 652.
Antoinette Burton, At the Heart of Empire: Indians and the Colonial Encounter in Late Victorian (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 1.
Sant Nihal Singh, “India’s Part in the War,” London Quarterly Review 123 (January 1915), 323.
Ramananda Chatterjee, “Non-European Soldiers in European Wars,” Modern Review 16, 3 (April 1914): 115–119.
Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj, cited in Bruce Lawrence and Aisha Karim, eds, On Violence: A Reader (Durham: Duke University Press, 2007), 116.
See also Michael Adas, “Contested Hegemony: The Great War and the Afro-Asian Assault on the Civilizing Mission Ideology,” Journal of World History 15, 1 (2004), 31–64.
Cited in Lawrence Sondhaus, World War I: The Global Revolution (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 374.
Mohandas K. Gandhi, An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with the Truth (Boston: Beacon, 1993), 45, 47.
Joseph Alter, Gandhi’s Body: Sex, Diet, and the Politics of Nationalism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), 126.
Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983), 71–72.
Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu/Muslim Encounter (Albany: State University of New York, 1986), 123–124.
Vidya Dhar Mahajan, ed., Leaders of the Nationalist Movement (New Delhi: Sterling, 1975), 158.
Cited in Matthew Frye Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 237.
Sir Roper Lethbridge, “The War and the Mighty Voice of India,” Asiatic Review 5 (October 1, 1914): 279
Cited in Narain Dass, “India and the War,” Modern Review 16, 6 (December 1914), 561–563.
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© 2014 Robert McLain
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McLain, R. (2014). The Violent Mahatma: Gandhi and the Rehabilitation of Indian Manhood. In: Gender and Violence in British India. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137448545_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137448545_2
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