Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic ((PHSWM))

  • 748 Accesses

Abstract

The human head has proved to be an enduring symbol, employed over several millennia in a variety of contexts suggestive of a more or less consistent association of meanings. Repeated appearances as skull or sculptured artefact through prehistory indicate a ritualised application of the head as symbol, as does a frequent recurrence at locations which may be seen as boundaries or thresholds, whether of a physical or metaphysical nature. Prehistoric artwork from a wide variety of cultures also implies a perception of the human head over and above a design element, extending to a degree of purposive application. Further appearances in the historical record to the present day, as skull or artefact, in narrative or artwork, tend to echo earlier manifestations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Ian Armit, Inside Kurtz’s Compound (Oxford, 2006), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. O. James, Prehistoric Religion (New York, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anne Ross, (1967/1974) Pagan Celtic Britain (London, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. Jacobsthal, Early Celtic Art (Oxford, 1944).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ruth and Vincent Megaw, Celtic Art (London, 1990), 21.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Miranda Green, Celtic Art (London, 1996), 138.

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. W. Harding, The Archaeology of Celtic Art (London, 2007), 57.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ralph Merrifield, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, (London, 1987), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo, (New York, 1918), 37.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Dying for the Gods (Stroud, 2001), 96.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Julian Thomas, Rethinking the Neolithic (New York, 1991), 119–120

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (Oxford, 1991), 33.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. A. Wait, Ritual & Religion in Iron Age Britain (Oxford, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. L. Buckberry, and D. M. Hadley, ‘An Anglo-Saxon Execution Cemetery at Walkington Wold, Yorkshire’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 26(3) (2007), 309–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sabine Baring-Gould, Strange Survivals (London, 1892), 53–54.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Peter Brears, North Country Folk Art (Edinburgh, 1989); Billingsley, Stony Gaze, 121–128.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Armit, Inside Kurtz’s Compound (Cambridge, 2012), 11.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Helen Hickey, Images of Stone (Belfast, 1976), 16.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Patricia Palmer, The Severed Head and the Grafted Tongue (Cambridge, 2013), 7.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. Miranda J. Green, Dictionary of Celtic Myth & Legend (London, 1997), 65.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Iona Opie and Moira Tatem, A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford, 1993), 359.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Anne Ross, ‘Severed Hheads in Wells’, Scottish Studies, 6(2) (1962), 31–48.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Janet Bord, Cures and Curses (Wymeswold, 2006), 123–125.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gillian Braithwaite, Faces from the Past (Oxford, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Paul Blinkhorn, ‘Tolerating Pagans for the Sake of Trade’, British Archaeology (May 1999): 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jacqueline Simpson, ‘The King’s Whetstone’, Antiquity, 53 (1979), 96–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Stephen Bull, An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour (London, 1991), 39.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cyril Mazansky, British Basket-Hilted Swords (London, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Alby Stone, ‘The Perilous Bridge’, At the Edge 1 (1996), 7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Alex Woodcock, Liminal Images (Oxford, 2005), 120.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nigel Pennick, Beginnings (Chieveley, 1999); and Masterworks (Loughborough, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  32. T. Tindall Wildridge, The Grotesque in Church Art (London, 1899).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Nigel Pennick, Primal Signs (Cambridge, 2007), 126.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sidney Jackson, Celtic and Other Stone Heads (Shipley, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Robert Graves, The Greek Myths (Harmondsworth, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. H. Smith, ‘The Luck in the Head’, Folklore, 73 (1962), 13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. H. R. Ellis-Davidson, Scandinavian Mythology (London, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (trans.), The Mabinogion (London, 1974), 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Iona Opie and Peter Opie, The Classic Fairy Tales (London, 1974), 156–161.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 John Billingsley

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Billingsley, J. (2015). Instances and Contexts of the Head Motif in Britain. In: Hutton, R. (eds) Physical Evidence for Ritual Acts, Sorcery and Witchcraft in Christian Britain. Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137444820_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137444820_4

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-56884-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-44482-0

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics