Abstract
The human head has proved to be an enduring symbol, employed over several millennia in a variety of contexts suggestive of a more or less consistent association of meanings. Repeated appearances as skull or sculptured artefact through prehistory indicate a ritualised application of the head as symbol, as does a frequent recurrence at locations which may be seen as boundaries or thresholds, whether of a physical or metaphysical nature. Prehistoric artwork from a wide variety of cultures also implies a perception of the human head over and above a design element, extending to a degree of purposive application. Further appearances in the historical record to the present day, as skull or artefact, in narrative or artwork, tend to echo earlier manifestations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Ian Armit, Inside Kurtz’s Compound (Oxford, 2006), 1–14.
E. O. James, Prehistoric Religion (New York, 1957).
Anne Ross, (1967/1974) Pagan Celtic Britain (London, 1967).
P. Jacobsthal, Early Celtic Art (Oxford, 1944).
Ruth and Vincent Megaw, Celtic Art (London, 1990), 21.
Miranda Green, Celtic Art (London, 1996), 138.
D. W. Harding, The Archaeology of Celtic Art (London, 2007), 57.
Ralph Merrifield, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, (London, 1987), 6.
Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo, (New York, 1918), 37.
Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Dying for the Gods (Stroud, 2001), 96.
Julian Thomas, Rethinking the Neolithic (New York, 1991), 119–120
Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles (Oxford, 1991), 33.
G. A. Wait, Ritual & Religion in Iron Age Britain (Oxford, 1985).
J. L. Buckberry, and D. M. Hadley, ‘An Anglo-Saxon Execution Cemetery at Walkington Wold, Yorkshire’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 26(3) (2007), 309–329.
Sabine Baring-Gould, Strange Survivals (London, 1892), 53–54.
Peter Brears, North Country Folk Art (Edinburgh, 1989); Billingsley, Stony Gaze, 121–128.
Armit, Inside Kurtz’s Compound (Cambridge, 2012), 11.
Helen Hickey, Images of Stone (Belfast, 1976), 16.
Patricia Palmer, The Severed Head and the Grafted Tongue (Cambridge, 2013), 7.
Miranda J. Green, Dictionary of Celtic Myth & Legend (London, 1997), 65.
Iona Opie and Moira Tatem, A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford, 1993), 359.
Anne Ross, ‘Severed Hheads in Wells’, Scottish Studies, 6(2) (1962), 31–48.
Janet Bord, Cures and Curses (Wymeswold, 2006), 123–125.
Gillian Braithwaite, Faces from the Past (Oxford, 2007).
Paul Blinkhorn, ‘Tolerating Pagans for the Sake of Trade’, British Archaeology (May 1999): 8–9.
Jacqueline Simpson, ‘The King’s Whetstone’, Antiquity, 53 (1979), 96–100.
Stephen Bull, An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour (London, 1991), 39.
Cyril Mazansky, British Basket-Hilted Swords (London, 2005).
Alby Stone, ‘The Perilous Bridge’, At the Edge 1 (1996), 7–10.
Alex Woodcock, Liminal Images (Oxford, 2005), 120.
Nigel Pennick, Beginnings (Chieveley, 1999); and Masterworks (Loughborough, 2002).
T. Tindall Wildridge, The Grotesque in Church Art (London, 1899).
Nigel Pennick, Primal Signs (Cambridge, 2007), 126.
Sidney Jackson, Celtic and Other Stone Heads (Shipley, 1973).
Robert Graves, The Greek Myths (Harmondsworth, 1960).
A. H. Smith, ‘The Luck in the Head’, Folklore, 73 (1962), 13–24.
H. R. Ellis-Davidson, Scandinavian Mythology (London, 1969).
Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (trans.), The Mabinogion (London, 1974), 39–40.
Iona Opie and Peter Opie, The Classic Fairy Tales (London, 1974), 156–161.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 John Billingsley
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Billingsley, J. (2015). Instances and Contexts of the Head Motif in Britain. In: Hutton, R. (eds) Physical Evidence for Ritual Acts, Sorcery and Witchcraft in Christian Britain. Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137444820_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137444820_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-56884-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-44482-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)