Abstract
Following the success of the original Ghost in the Shell in 1995, further animated explorations in the franchise began in October 2002 when the series Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex began airing on Japanese television. Directed by Kenji Kamiyama, who had made his directorial debut with MiniPato a year earlier, the series delved deeper into the world of Section 9, yet it took place in a different narrative universe. In many respects the television series was closer to Masamune Shirow’s original manga than Oshii’s film adaptation. Rather than the pan-Asian Hong Kong-influenced aesthetics of the film, the setting for Stand Alone Complex was undoubtedly Japan. In twenty-six episodes, the series took Shirow’s original ideas for the Ghost in the Shell manga and incorporated them with other contributions from the staff, including staff writer Jun’ichi Fujisaku, who had previously worked on Blood the Last Vampire and who would go on to write a series of novels based in the Stand Alone Complex universe. In early 2004, a second series of the Ghost in the Shell television series began airing, again directed by Kamiyama. This time around it was called 2nd Gig and featured contributions from Oshii, who contributed to the overall structure and was credited with ‘story concept.’ Although Oshii was now popularly associated with Ghost in the Shell, he had not wanted to interfere with what Kamiyama was doing until specifically asked to contribute by Production I.G’s cofounder Mitsuhisa Ishikawa.1
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Notes
Andrez Bergen, ‘The Age of Innocence,’ Anime Insider 15 (August/September 2004): 36.
For more details, see Brian Ruh, ‘Producing Transnational Cult Media: Neon Genesis Evangelion and Ghost in the Shell in Circulation,’ Intensities: The Journal of Cult Media 5 (2013), http://intensitiescultmedia.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/producing-transnational-cult-media-neon-genesis-evangelion-and-ghost-in-the-shell-in-circulation-brian-ruh.pdf
Masamune Shirow, Ghost in the Shell (Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Comics, 1995): 126.
Raymond Roussel, Locus Solus, trans. Rupert Copeland Cunningham (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970): 254.
Mark Ford, Raymond Roussel and the Republic of Dreams (London: Faber and Faber, 2000): 126.
Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, Tomorrow’s Eve, trans. Robert Martin Adams (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982): 54.
Anne Greenfield, ‘The Shield of Perseus and the Absent Woman,’ in Jeering Dreamers: Villiers de l’Isle Adam’s L’Eve Future at Our Fin de Siècle: A Collection of Essays, ed. John Anzalone (Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1996): 71.
Isabel Stevens and Francesco Prandoni, ‘Cityscapes and Robots,’ Sight & Sound 20, no. 10 (October 2010): 19.
Steven T. Brown, Tokyo Cyberpunk: Posthumanism in Japanese Visual Culture (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010): 15–16.
Therese Lichtenstein, Behind Closed Doors: The Art of Hans Bellmer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001): 1.
Sue Taylor, Hans Bellmer: The Anatomy of Anxiety (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000), 21.
See Livia Monnet, ‘Anatomy of Permutational Desire: Perversion in Hans Bellmer and Oshii Mamoru,’ Mechademia 5 (2010): 285–309; Livia Monnet, ‘Anatomy of Permutational Desire, Part II: Bellmer’s Dolls and Oshii’s Gynoids,’ Mechademia 6 (2011): 153–169; and Monnet Livia, ‘Anatomy of Per- mutational Desire, Part III: The Artificial Woman and the Perverse Structure of Modernity,’ Mechademia 7 (2012): 282–297.
George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980): 3.
Eiji Otsuka and Housui Yamazaki, The Kurosagi Corpse Delivery Service, Vol. 9 (Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Manga, 2009): 70.
J. Hoberman, Film after Film: Or, What Became of 21st-Century Cinema? (New York: Verso, 2012), 199.
Hiroki Azuma, Otaku: Japan’s Database Animals. Translated by Jonathan E. Abel and Shion Kono (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009).
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© 2013 Brian Ruh
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Ruh, B. (2013). Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence (2004). In: Stray Dog of Anime. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137437907_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137437907_9
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