Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Beliefs and Loyalties in World Politics: A Pragmatist Framework for Analysis

  • Chapter
Book cover Theorizing Foreign Policy in a Globalized World

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series ((PSIR))

Abstract

As a sub-discipline of political science Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) typically focuses on the decision-making process and its conditions. It contains, for instance, research on decision-making and group dynamics, bureaucratic politics and analogies to cybernetic processes as well as research on perceptions and misperceptions (see Hudson and Vore, 1995; Garrison, 2003; Carlsnaes, 2008). Due to its primary actor-centric research focus, however, FPA appears incapable of delivering convincing systemic explanations for the fundamental changes in world affairs that have been witnessed in the last 25 years. Therefore, in comparison with systemic International Relations (IR) theories and the latest global governance research, FPA has significantly lost scholarly attention (Carlsnaes, 2002, 331; Houghton, 2007, 26). In particular, the so-called and ever more prominent global governance research is questioning the future relevance of single states’ foreign policies, the idea of the nation-state as such and the meaning of territorial boundaries. Understood this way, states and their foreign policies are considered as executing powers the control of which is beyond their capabilities. Seen from this perspective, globalization appears to be a process driven forward by its own dynamics (Bartelson, 2000, 189).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adler, E. (2008) [2002] ‘Constructivism and International Relations’, in Carlsnaes, W., T. Risse and B. A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. (2003) ‘Entgrenzung und internationale Beziehungen: Der doppelte Strukturwandel eines Gegenstands und seines Faches’, in Hellmann, G., K. D. Wolf, and M. Zürn (eds.) Die neuen Internationalen Beziehungen (Baden-Baden: Nomos).

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. (2007) ‘Einleitung: Weltstaat und Weltstaatlichkeit: Neubestimmung des Politischen in der Weltgesellschaft’, in Albert, M. and R. Stichweh (eds.) Weltstaat und Weltstaatlichkeit. Beobachtungen globaler politischer Strukturbildungen (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartelson, J. (2000) ‘Three Concepts of Globalization’, International Sociology, 15:(2), 180–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann, R. (2006) Der Wandel des deutschen Multilateralismus (Baden-Baden: Nomos).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy, A. J. (2006) ‘Whither the Responsibility to Protect? Humanitarian Intervention and the 2005 World Summit’, Ethics and International Affairs, 20:(2), 143–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. L. and Luckmann, T. (2000) [1966] Die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Biersteker, T. J. (2008) [2002] ‘State, Sovereignty and Territory’, in Carlsnaes, W., T. Risse and B. A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigo, D. (2001) ‘The Möbius Ribbon of Internal and External Security(ies)’, in Albert, M., D. Jacobson and Y. Lapid (eds.) Identities, Borders, Orders: Rethinking International Relations Theory (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, L. (2008) ‘Von der „humanitären Intervention“ zur „Responsibility to Protect“. Kriegserfahrungen und Völkerrechtsentwicklung seit dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts’, in Fischer-Lescano, A. (ed.) Frieden in Freiheit — Festschrift für Michael Bothe (Baden-Baden: Nomos).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, L. and Albert, M. (1995) ‘Entgrenzung der Staatenwelt. Zur Analyse weltgesellschaftlicher Entwicklungstendenzen’, Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 2:(2), 259–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, A. and Charmaz, K. (2010) The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory (London: Sage Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsnaes, W. (1992) ‘The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis’, International Studies Quarterly, 36:(3), 245–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsnaes, W. (1993) ‘On Analysing the Dynamics of Foreign Policy Change: A Critique and Reconceptualization’, Cooperation and Conflict, 28:(1), 5–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsnaes, W. (2002) ‘Foreign Policy’, in Carlsnaes, W., T. Risse and B. A. Simmons (eds.) Handbook of International Relations (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsnaes, W. (2008) ‘Actors, Structures, and Foreign Policy Analysis’, in Smith, S., A. Hadfield and T. Dunne (eds.) Foreign Policy. Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmaz, K. (2006) Construction Grounded Theory (London: Sage Publishings).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deitelhoff, N. (2006) Überzeugung in der Politik. Grundzüge einer Diskurstheorie internationalen Regierens (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, D. (1989) ‘What’s at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate?’ International Organization, 43:(3), 441–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1984) [1927] ‘The Public and Its Problems’, in Boydston, J. A. (ed.) John Dewey The Later Works, 1925–1953, Vol. 2: 1925–1927 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1991) [1927] The Public and Its Problems (Athens: Swallow Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Diez, T. (2001) ‘Europe as a Discursive Battleground. Discourse Analysis and European Integration Studies’, Cooperation and Conflict, 36:(1), 5–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elster, J. (1989) Nuts and Bolts for the Social Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Finnemore, M. and Sikkink, K. (1998) ‘International Norm Dynamics and Political Change’, International Organization, 52:(4), 887–917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanik, W. (2009) ‘Bringing FPA Back Home: Cognition, Constructivism, and Conceptual Metaphor’, Foreign Policy Analysis, 7:(4), 423–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, G. P. (1993) Loyalty. An Essay on the Morality of Relationships (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, U. (2010) Die Nato nach 1989. Das Rätsel ihres Fortbestandes (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, U. and Roos, U. (2010) ‘Actor, Structure, Process: Transcending the State Personhood Debate by Means of a Pragmatist Ontological Model for International Relations Theory’, Review of International Studies, 36:(4), 1057–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, U. and Roos, U. (eds.) (2013) Rekonstruktive Methoden der Weltpolitikforschung (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, U. and Weber, R. (2012) ‘At the Papini Hotel. On Pragmatism in the Study of International Relations’, European Journal of International Relations, 18:(4), 669–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, J. A (2003) ‘Foreign Policy Analysis in 20/20: A Symposium’, International Studies Review, 5:(2), 155–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, A. L. (1969) ‘The ‘Operational Code’: A Neglected Approach to the Study of Political Leaders and Decision-Making’, International Studies Quarterly, 13:(2), 190–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, A. L. and Bennett, A. (2005) Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. (Cambridge: Mit Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. and Keohane, R. O. (eds.) (1993) Ideas and Foreign Policy. Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change (New York: Cornell University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1981) Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. (2003) The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy (London: Palgrave).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofferberth, M. (2012) Multinationale Unternehmen in den internationalen Beziehungen. Zur Kontingenz von Bedeutung und Rolle sozialer Akteure (Dissertation, Frankfurt a.M.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofferberth, M. and C. Weber (2012) ‘Lost in Translation — A Methodological Critique of Constructivist Norm Research’, Paper Presented at the ISA Annual Convention 2012, 1–4 April (San Diego).

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, D. P. (2007) ‘Reinvigorating the Study of Foreign Policy Decision Making: Toward a Constructivist Approach’, Foreign Policy Analysis, 3:(1), 24–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, V. M. (2007) Foreign Policy Analysis: Classic and Contemporary Theory (New York: Rowman an Littlefield).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, V. M. (2008) ‘The History and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis’, in Smith, S., A. Hadfield and T. Dunne (eds.) Foreign Policy. Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 11–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, V. M. and Vore, C. S. (1995) ‘Foreign Policy Analysis Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow’, Mershon International Studies Review, 39:(2), 209–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jasper, U. (2014) The Politics of Nuclear Non-Proliferation: A Pragmatist Framework for Analysis (Milton Park: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keohane, R. O. and Nye, J. S. (2001) [1977] Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (New York: Longman).

    Google Scholar 

  • King, G., Keohane, R. O., and Verba, S. (1994) Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research (Princeton, NJ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurki, M. (2008) Causation in International Relations. Reclaiming Causal Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Laclau, E. and C. Mouffe. (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebow, R. Ned. (2008) A Cultural Theory of International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, J. S. (1994) ‘Learning and Foreign Policy: Sweeping a Conceptual Minefield’, International Organization, 48:(2), 279–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macfarlane, N. S., Thielking, C. J., and Weiss, T. G. (2004) ‘The Responsibility to Protect: Is Anyone Interested in Humanitarian Intervention?’ Third World Quarterly, 25:(5), 977–992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, J. (2005) ‘Rationality and Psychology in International Politics’, International Organization, 59:(1), 77–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, J. (2010) ‘Emotional Beliefs’, International Organization, 64:(1), 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, H. (1994) ‘Internationale Beziehungen als kommunikatives Handeln. Zur Kritik utilitaristischer Handlungstheorien’, Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 1:(1), 15–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oevermann, U. (1996) Konzeptualisierung von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und praktischen Arbeitsfeldern der objektiven Hermeneutik (Manifest der objektiv hermeneutischen Sozialforschung) (Frankfurt/M., unpublished manuscript).

    Google Scholar 

  • Peirce, C. S. (1998) [1905] ‘What Pragmatism Is’, in Houser, N. (ed.) The Peirce Edition Project, The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Vol. II, 1893–1913 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press), 331–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peirce, C. S. (1992) [1878] ‘How to Make Our Ideas Clear’, in Houser, N. and C. Kloesel (eds.) The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Vol. I, 1867– 1893 (Bloomingotn, IN: Indiana University Press), 124–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., and Sikkink, K. (1999) The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Risse, T. (2000) ‘Let’s Argue! Communicative Action in World Politics’, International Organization, 54:(1), 1–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roos, U. (2010) Deutsche Außenpolitik. Eine Rekonstruktion der grundlegenden Handlungsregeln (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roos, U. (2012) ‘Deutsche Außenpolitik nach der Vereinigung. Zwischen ernüchtertem Idealismus und realpolitischem Weltordnungsstreben’, Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 19:(2), 7–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, G. (1997) Das Gehirn und seine Wirklichkeit. Kognitive Neurobiologie und ihre philosophischen Konsequenzen (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Royce, J. (1908) The Philosophy of Loyalty (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, D. J. (1961) ‘The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations’, World Politics, 14:(1), 77–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, W. (2001) Der Beobachter im Gehirn. Essays zur Hirnforschung (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S., Hadfield, A., and Dunne, T. (2008) ‘Introduction’, in Smith, S., A. Hadfield, and T. Dunne (eds.) Foreign Policy. Theories, Actors, Cases (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahn, C. (2007) ‘Responsibility to Protect: Political Rhetoric or Emerging Legal Norm?’ American Journal of International Law, 101:(1), 99–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strange, S. (1996) The Retreat of the State. The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. (1987) Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. (1993) Continual Permutations of Action (New York: de Gruyter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sucharov, M. (2011) ‘Values, Identity, and Israel Advocacy’, Foreign Policy Analysis, 7:(4), 361–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thies, C. G. and Breuning, M. (2012) ‘Integrating Foreign Policy Analysis and International Relations Through Role Theory’, Foreign Policy Analysis, 8:(1), 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, C. (2000) Global Governance, Development and Human Security: The Challenge of Poverty and Inequality (London: Pluto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, N. and Tow, W. T. (2002) ‘The Utility of Human Security: Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention’, Security Dialogue, 33:(2), 177–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vertzberger, Y. Y. I. (1993) The World in their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking (Stanford: Stanford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waever, O. (2002) ‘Identity, Communities and Foreign Policy. Discourse Analysis as Foreign Policy Theory’, in Hansen, L., and O. Wæver (eds.) European Integration and National Identity, (London, 20–49).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltz, K. N. (1959) Man, the State, and War (New York: Columbia University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltz, K. N. (1979) Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltz, K. N. (1996) ‘International Politics is Not Foreign Policy’, Security Studies, 6:(1), 52–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, A. E. (1987) ‘The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory’, International Organization, 41:(3), 335–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, A. (1998) ‘On Constitution and Causation in International Relations’, in Dunne, T., Cox, M. and Booth, K. (eds.) Eighty Years’ Crisis: International Relations 1919–1999. Special Edition of Review of International Studies, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 101–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, A. (1999) Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, A. (2004) ‘The State as Person in International Theory’, Review of International Studies, 30, 289–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wight, C. (1999) ‘They Shoot Dead Horses Don’t They? Locating Agency in the Agent-Structure Problematique’, European Journal of International Relations, 5:(1), 109–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wight, C. (2004) ‘State Agency: Social Action without Human Activity?’ Review of International Studies, 30:(2), 269–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zürn, M. (1998) Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates. Denationalisierung und Globalisierung als Chance (Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Ulrich Roos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

    Gunther Hellmann (Professor of Political Science) (Professor of Political Science)

  2. Aarhus University, Denmark

    Knud Erik Jørgensen (Professor of International Relations) (Professor of International Relations)

Copyright information

© 2015 Ulrich Roos

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Roos, U. (2015). Beliefs and Loyalties in World Politics: A Pragmatist Framework for Analysis. In: Hellmann, G., Jørgensen, K.E. (eds) Theorizing Foreign Policy in a Globalized World. Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137431912_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation