Abstract
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) has not receded into the past for the Chinese, but remains a complicating factor in contemporary Sino-Japanese relations. This is largely because of the way the Chinese government has used the War to gain an advantage over the Japanese government during periods of tension, and to stimulate anti-Japanese nationalist sentiment to bolster its nationalist credentials in a new post-communist age. This continuing politicization of the War means that, despite the huge number of works published in China over the last twenty years, it is still extremely difficult for Chinese historians to entirely break free from a narrow nationalist narrative that privileges the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The only real change in recent years has been the progressive inclusion of Chiang Kai-shek and the wartime Guomindang military into this narrative, an indication of the further trumping of communist ideology by nationalism.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
F Wakeman Jr, ‘Hanjian (Traitor)! Collaboration and retribution in wartime Shanghai’, in Wen-hsin Yeh (ed.), Becoming Chinese: Passages to Modernity and Beyond (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), pp. 298–302.
H Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991);
E Conan and H Rousso, Vichy: An Ever-Present Past (Hanover: Dartmouth College, 1998).
JH Boyle, China and Japan at War, 1937–1945: The Politics of Collaboration (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972), pp. 352–8;
and M Zanasi, ‘Globalizing hanjian: The Suzhou trials and the post-World War II discourse on collaboration’, The American Historical Review 113, No. 3 (June 2008): 731–51.
On Vichy see the classic RO Paxton, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1972).
On Petain’s sense of sacrifice see M Curtis, Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2002), p. 63;
P Burrin, Living with Defeat: France under the German Occupation (London: Arnold, 1996), pp. 69–70. On Wang Jingwei see Zhou Fohai’s comments in this chapter.
On France see AS Milward, War, Economy and Society, 1939–1945 (London: Allen Lane, 1977), pp. 132–65; Burrin, Living with Defeat , pp. 130–144, 228–277.
On China, Takafusa Nakamura, ‘The Yen Bloc, 1931–1941’ in P Duus, RH Myers & MR Peattie (eds), The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931–1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), pp. 171–86; Boyle, China and Japan at War , p. 308.
J Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (London: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 230–1; Burrin, Living with Defeat , pp. 437–47;
R Vinen, The Unfree French: Life under the Occupation (London: Allen Lane, 2006), pp. 124–6, 328–9;
BG Martin, ‘Shield of Collaboration: The Wang Jingwei regime’s security service, 1939–45’, Intelligence and National Security 16, No. 4 (Winter 2001): 89–148;
F Wakeman Jr, The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937–1941 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Jackson, France , pp. 65–80, 147–54; Vinen, The Unfree French , pp. 53–9; CM Wilbur, ‘The Nationalist Revolution: From Canton to Nanking, 1923–1928’ in JK Fairbank (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, Vol 12: Republican China 1912–1949, Part 1, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 527–720;
HL Boorman and RC Howard (eds), Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, Vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967), pp. 196–201, 405–9.
M Marrus and RO Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981), and Curtis, Verdict on Vichy.
T Brook, Collaboration: Japanese and Local Elites in Wartime China (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), pp. 12–13.
T Brook, ‘The Great Way Government of Shanghai’ in C Henriot and Wen-hsin Yeh, In the Shadow of the Rising Sun: Shanghai under Japanese Occupation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 157–86.
Boyle, China and Japan at War , pp. 89–97, 110–6, 123–33; T Brook, ‘The Creation of the Reformed Government in Central China, 1938’ in DP Barrett and LN Shyu (eds), Chinese Collaboration with Japan, 1932–1945 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001), pp. 79–101.
BG Martin, ‘The Dilemmas of a Civilian Politician in Time of War: Zhou Fohai and the First Stage of the Sino-Japanese War, July–December 1937’, Twentieth-Century China 39, No. 2 (May 2014): 54–75.
On the formation of the Wang government, Boyle, China and Japan at War , and GE Bunker, The Peace Conspiracy: Wang Ching-wei and the China War, 1937–1941 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).
BG Martin, ‘Collaboration within Collaboration: Zhou Fohai’s Relations with the Chongqing Government, 1942–45’, Twentieth-Century China 34, No. 2 (April 2009): 55–88.
On Dai Li, F Wakeman Jr, Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
Zhou, ‘A Brief Deposition’, 1278; Boyle, China and Japan at War , p. 7; N Tarling, A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941– 1945 (London: Hurst & Company, 2001), pp. 159–74 & 238–43.
‘Guomin Zhengfu HuanDu Xuanyan’ [A Manifesto on the Return of the National Government to the Capital], March 30, 1940, Guomin Zhengfu Gongbao , No. 1, April 1, 1940: 2, in Chinese Second Archives (ed.), WangWei Guomin Zhengfu Gongbao, Vol. 1; Cai Dejin, Lishi de Guaitai: Wang Jingwei Zhengfu [A Freak of History: The Wang Jingwei Government] (Guangxi: Guangxi Shifan Daxue Chubanshe, 1993), p. 113.
PM Coble, Chinese Capitalists and Japan’s New Order: The Occupied Lower Yangzi, 1937–1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), pp. 91–3;
RW Barnett, Economic Shanghai: Hostage to Politics, 1937–1941 (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1941), pp. 135–42.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Brian G. Martin
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Martin, B.G. (2015). Patriotic Collaboration?: Zhou Fohai and the Wang Jingwei Government during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In: de Matos, C., Caprio, M.E. (eds) Japan as the Occupier and the Occupied. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408112_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408112_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-68115-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-40811-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)