Abstract
Signs and symbols are different things. Signs are natural, while symbols are created. We’re not talking “STOP” signs, we’re talking signs that are natural indicators. For example, smoke can be a sign of fire, while a sore throat can be a sign of a cold. Conversely, symbols are referents made by us. The letter Q, the number 13, and the word “custard” are all symbols. In a sense, all languages are a kind of shared code. Sounds, letters, words, sentences, and all the components of language are symbolic. The symbol K is representative of the sound /k/, and the symbol 7 represents the concept of the number following six and preceding eight. But what happens when one symbol is misrepresented as another? This chapter looks at some famous hoaxes, myths, and urban legends about hidden messages in symbols.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcock, James. 2004. “Electronic voice phenomena: Voices of the dead?”
The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Available at: http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/electronic_voice_phenomena_voices_of_the_dead/Aldridge, Alan. 1991. The Beatles Illustrated Lyrics. Houghton Mifflin.
Allen, Tom. 1982. Rock “n” Roll, the Bible and the Mind. Horizon House.
Bar-Hillel, Maya, Bar-Natan, Dror, and McKay, Brendan. 1998. “The Torah codes: Puzzle and solution”. Chance. Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 13–19.
Beck, A. and Pirovano, C. 1996. “Facilitated communicators’ performance on a task of receptive language”. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 497–512.
Begley, Sharon. 1997. “Seek and ye shall find”. Newsweek. 9 June, pp. 66–67.
Blecha, Peter. 2004. Taboo Tunes: A History of Banned Bands and Censored Songs. Backbeat Books.
Brown, Dan. 2010. The Lost Symbol. Anchor.
Butler, Tom. 2010. “Radio sweep: A case study”. Association Transcommunication Journal. Available at: http://atransc.org/journal/radiosweep_study.htm
Byrne, Tom and Normand, Matthew. 2000. “The demon-haunted sentence: A skeptical analysis of reverse speech”. Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 24, 2 April.
Cavendish, Richard. 1967. The Black Arts. A Concise History of Witchcraft, Demonology, Astrology, and other Mystical Practices Throughout The Ages. Perigee Trade.
Clark, Ronald W. 1977. Edison — The Man Who Made the Future. G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Cox, Jim. 2005. Historical Dictionary of American Radio Soap Operas. Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Crowley, Aleister. 1913. Magick Liber Aba (Book 4). Weiser Books.
Drosnin, Michael. 1997. The Bible Code. Simon and Schuster.
Duncan, Malcolm. 2004. Duncan’s Masonic Ritual and Monitor. Kessinger Publishing.
Edison National Historic Site. 2014. http://www.nps.gov/edis/index.htm
Feaster, P. 2006. The Following Record: Making Sense of Phonographic Performance, 1877–1908. Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University.
Gambaccini, Paul. 1974. “The Rolling Stone interview with Paul McCartney”. Rolling Stone.
Giuliano, Geoffrey and Vrnda, Devi. 1999. Glass Onion: The Beatles in Their Own Words. Da Capo Press.
Guralnick, Peter. 1994. Last Train to Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley. Little, Brown.
Henken, Elissa. 2003. “Taming the enemy: Georgian narratives about the civil war”. Journal of Folklore Research. Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 289–307.
Hodapp, Christopher. 2009. Solomon’s Builders: Freemasons, Founding Fathers and the Secrets of Washington DC. Ulysses Press.
Hodapp, Christopher. 2010. Deciphering the Lost Symbol: Freemasons, Myths and the Mysteries of Washington, Part III. Ulysses Press.
Holmes, Thorn. 2006. The Routledge Guide to Music Technology. Taylor & Francis Group.
Kimmel, Allan J. 2004. Rumors and Rumor Control: A Manager’s Guide to Understanding and Combatting Rumors. Psychology Press.
Kimura, D. 1968. “Neural processing of backwards-speech sounds”. Science. Vol. 839, pp. 395–96.
Konstantinos. 1995. “Ghost voices: Exploring the mysteries of electronic voice phenomena”. Popular Electronics. October issue, pp. 37–41.
Lilienfeld, Scott. 2007. “Psychological treatments that cause harm”. Perspectives on Psychological Science. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 53–70.
Marlinki, Edward. 2000. How to Read His Writings: The Unauthorized Guide to Decoding Edward Leedskalnin’s Works. Passels Information Network.
McKay, Brendan, Bar-Natan, Dror, Bar-Hillel, Maya, and Kalai, Gil. 1999. “Solving The Bible Code puzzle”. Statistical Science. May Issue.
Miles, Barry. 1997. Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now. MacMillan.
Moon, Christopher. 2010. “What is the telephone to the dead?” Haunted Times. Vol. 4, No. 3, Winter.
Nash, Alanna. 2010. Baby, Let’s Play House: Elvis Presley and the Women Who Loved Him. It Books.
Newbrook, Mark and Curtain, Jane. 1997. “Oates’ theory of reverse speech”. The Skeptic. NSW: Australian Skeptics. Vol. 17, No. 3.
Newbrook, Mark and Curtain, Jane. 1998. “Oates’ theory of reverse speech: A critical examination”. International Journal of Language and the Law. Vol. 5, No. 2.
Newbrook, Mark. 2005. “Reverse speech”. Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 15, No. 2, June.
Oates, David. 1991. Reverse Speech: Hidden Messages in Human Communication. Knowledge Systems.
Oates, David. 2000. Reverse Speech Metaphor Dictionary. EBook.
Oglesbee, Frank. 1987. The Devil, You Say? Backmasking in Contemporary Christian Music. Popular Culture Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada.
Poundstone, William. 1983. Big Secrets. William Morrow and Company.
Raudive, Konstantin. 1971. Breakthrough. Colin Smythe.
Ridley, Jasper. 2011. The Freemasons: A History of the World’s Most Powerful Secret Society. Skyhorse Publishing.
Rogo, D. Scott and Bayless, Raymond. 1980. Phone Calls from the Dead. Berkley Books.
Shermer, Michael. 2008. “Patternicity”. Scientific American. December.
Shermer, Michael. 2009. “Telephone to the dead”. Scientific American. January.
Shotton, Peter and Schaffner, Nicholas. 1984. John Lennon: In My Life. Thunder’s Mouth Press.
Simmons, Sylvie. 2004. “AC/DC celebrate their Quarter Century”. MOJO.
Skinner, B. F. 1936. “The verbal summator and a method for the study of latent speech”. Journal of Psychology. Vol. 2, pp. 71–107.
Smith, Jacob. 2010. “An unnatural sound in village”. Short Film Studies. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 135–37.
Stavro, A. 2005. Koraïiu Pils. Edvarda Liedskalnina Koraïïu Pils Ir Uznemta Amerikas Savienoto Valstu Vesturisko Vietu Nacionalaja Registra. LA izdevnieciba.
Thomas, David. 1997. “Hidden messages and the Bible code”. Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 21, No. 6.
Thorne, S. B. and Himelstein, P. 1984. “The role of suggestion in the perception of satanic messages in rock-and-roll recordings”. Journal of Psychology Vol. 116, No. 2, pp. 245–48.
Van Biema, David. 1997. “Deciphering God’s plan”. Time. 9 June.
Vokey, J. R. and Read, J. D. 1985. “Subliminal messages: Between the devil and the media”. American Psychologist. Vol. 40, pp. 1231–39.
Witztum, Doron, Eliyahu, Rips, and Yoav, Rosenburg. 1994. “Equidistant letter sequences in the Book of Genesis”. Statistical Science. Vol. 9, No. 3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Karen Stollznow
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stollznow, K. (2014). Secret Symbols. In: Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137404862_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137404862_16
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-40485-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-40486-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave Language & Linguistics CollectionEducation (R0)