Abstract
We are living through a period of immense political and social change, with an economic and social crisis across Europe not seen since the 1930s. There is little evidence that the worlds of adult education, community development and radical youth work have developed any credible response to this crisis and, indeed, there is abundant evidence of sectors in retreat with massive cuts in state support. There is also evidence of fundamental shifts in what governments and the state define as informal and adult education with young adults, or indeed what the state now defines as ‘schooling’.
Education doesn’t mean telling people what to believe — it also means learning from them and with them. If you want to change the world you’d better try to understand it. That doesn’t mean listening to a talk or reading a book, though that’s helpful sometimes. You learn from participating. You learn from others. You learn from the people you’re trying to organize.
(Chomsky 2012: 301)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Adams (1991) Protests by Pupils: Empowerment, Schooling and the State (Basingstoke: The Falmer Press).
M. Ball and W. Hampton (eds.) (2004) The Northern College: Twenty Five Years of Adult Learning (Leicester: NIACE).
M. Barnes and D. Prior (2009) Subversive Citizens: Power, Agency and Resistance in Public Services (Bristol: Policy Press).
S.C. Bartoletti (1999) Kids on Strike (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company).
C. Bloom (2011) ‘The 1911 schoolchildren strikes’, BBC History Magazine, September, http://www.historyextra.com/magazine-index-item/schoolchildrenstrike, accessed 3 September 2014.
A. Burge (2000) ‘Miners learning in the South Wales Coalfield 1900–47’, Llafur, 8:1, 69–96.
D. Cameron (2014) ‘British values aren’t optional they are vital’, Daily Mail, 15 June, 2.
N. Chomsky (2012) Making the Future: Occupations, Interventions, Empire and Resistance (London: Penguin Books).
C. Cooper (2008) Community, Conflict and the State: Rethinking Notions of ‘Safety’, ‘Cohesion’ and ‘Wellbeing’ (Basingstoke: Palgrave).
L. Cox and A.G. Nilson (2014) We Make our own History: Marxism and Social Movements in the Twilight of Neo-Liberalism (London: Pluto).
J.F.C. Craven (1998) ‘Redskins in Epping Forest: The Kibbo Kift and the woodcraft experience’, PhD Thesis, Department of History, University College London, September.
B. Curtis (1985) ‘Review of Phil Gardner, (1984) The lost elementary schools of Victorian England’, Canadian Journal of Education, 10:4, 473–475.
M.J.F. Foster (1986) The National Peace Scouts (London: BBS).
G. Fraser (2014) ‘This is the third world war — and this time we are on the fringes’, The Guardian, 12 September, 7.
P. Gardner (1984) The Lost Elementary Schools of Victorian England (London: Croom Helm).
Glasgow Digital Library (n.d.) ‘The Socialist Commandments, 1912’, http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/redclyde/redcly079.htm, accessed 30 April 2015.
D. Graeber (2013) The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement (London: Allen Lane).
J. Grayson (2005) ‘Organising, educating … changing the world’, Adults Learning, 16:10, 8.
T. Hansen (2014) ‘Thousands of school students strike in solidarity with refugees fighting racist violence and deportation’, SocialistWorld.net, 14 February, http://www.SocialistWorld.net/doc/6597, accessed 2 September 2014.
L.P. Hartley (2004) The Go-Between (London: Penguin).
M. Herbert (2011) ‘The Clarion Movement’, http://radicalmanchester.wordpress.com, accessed 17 June 2014.
E. Hobsbawm (1992) ‘Mass producing traditions: Europe 1870–1914’, in E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger (eds.) The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
P. Inman (2014), ‘Pay rises must wait, Carney tells TUC’, The Guardian, 10 September, 27.
T. Jeffs and M.K. Smith (2002) ‘Individualisation and youth work’, http://www.infed.org/archives/e-texts/individualization_and_youth_work.htm, accessed 19 August 2014.
T. Jeffs and M. Smith (2005) Informal Education — Conversation, Democracy and Learning, 3rd Edition (Nottingham: Educational Heretics Press).
G. John (2005) ‘Parental and community involvement in education: Time to get the balance right’ in B. Richardson (ed.) Tell it like it is: How our Schools fail Black Children (London: Bookmarks).
R. Johnson (1979) ‘Really useful knowledge: Radical education and working class culture, 1790–1848’ in J. Clarke, C. Critcher and R. Johnson (eds.)Working Class Culture — Studies in History and Theory (London: Hutchinson).
R. Kattenhorn (n.d.) ‘The Labour Church Movement’, http://www.westwatfordhistorygroup.org/thelabourchurch.htm, accessed 18 August 2014.
A. Kundnani (2009) Spooked: How not to Prevent Violent Extremism (London: Institute of Race Relations).
Llanelli Strike Committee (2011) ‘School kids on strike!’, 8 July, http://llanellirailwaystrike.org.uk/2011/07/school-kids-onstrike/, accessed 3 September 2014.
C. Levy (1987) ‘Education and self education: Staffing the early ILP’ in C. Levy (ed.) Socialism and the Intelligentsia 1880–1914 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
E. Lewis and J. Mukherjee (2014) ‘Demanding the impossible? An experiment in engaging urban working class youth with radical politics’, Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements, 8:1, 363–371.
R. Lewis (1984/5) ‘The Central Labour College its decline and fall: 1919–1929’, Welsh History Review, 12, 225–246.
London and EdinburghWeekend Group (1980) In and Against the State: Discussion Notes for Socialists (London: Pluto).
D. Marson (1973) Children’s Strikes in 2011 (Oxford: Ruskin History Workshop), https://libcom.org/history/childrens-strikes-1911, accessed 3 September 2014.
P. Mason (2007) Live Working or Die Fighting: How the Working Class Went Global (London: Harvill Secker).
New Left Project (2012) ‘Socialist Ten Commandments’, http://www.newlwftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/socialist_ten_commandments, accessed 20 December 2014.
New Statesman (2014) ‘Leader: The summer of blood’, 4 September, 1.
M. Newman (2006) Teaching Defiance: stories and strategies for activist educators (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass).
A. Offer (2008) ‘British Manual Workers: From Producers to Consumers, c. 1950–2000’, Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, No. 74, December (Oxford: University of Oxford).
R. Pearson (1979) ‘The industrial suburbs of Leeds in the 19th century: Community consciousness among the social classes’, PhD, School of Economic and Social Studies, University of Leeds, September.
M. Pentelow (2009) Norfolk Red: The Life of Wilf Page Countryside Communist (London: Lawrence and Wishart).
H. Perkin (1969) The Origins of Modern English Society 1780 to 1880 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
Prime Minister’s Office (2012) ‘Cadet Forces scheme: £10.85 million to encourage young people to join’, 30 June, http://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/primeministers-office-10-downing-street, accessed 3 September 2014.
J. Rose (2001) The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes (London: Yale University Press).
P. Salveson (2012) Socialism with a Northern Accent: Radical Traditions for Modern Times (London: Lawrence and Wishart).
C. Searle (2005) ‘A vital instrument’ in B. Richardson (ed.) Tell It Like It Is: How our Schools fail Black Children (London: Bookmarks).
H. Sherwood (2014) ‘UK has only let in 24 Syrian refugees under relocation scheme’, The Guardian, 20 June, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/20/uk-syrian-vulnerable-persons-relocation-scheme, accessed 1 September 2014.
T. Shipman (2014) ‘Michael Gove blasts “Blackadder myths” about the First World War spread by television sit-coms and left-wing academics’, Daily Mail, 2 January, 2.
C. Snoek and K. Doll (2013) ‘Mass school students’ strike in Hamburg against deportations’, Socialistworld.net, 22 December, http://www.Socialistworld.net/dec/6597, accessed 1 September 2014.
R. Speight (2012) ‘Educate, agitate, organise’, http://www.fabians.org.uk/educateagitate-organise/, accessed 18 June 2014.
C. Steedman (2013) An Everyday life of the English Working Class: Work, self, and Sociability in the Early 19th Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
S.J. Tarrow (2011) Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, 3rd Edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Telegraph (2013) ‘French teenagers barricade schools in protest over expulsion of Roma girl’, The Telegraph, 17 October, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10385901/French-teenagers-barricade-schools-in-protest-overexpulsion-of-Roma-girl.html, accessed 1 September 2014.
S. Twigg and J. Murphy (2012) ‘Why the military must invade our schools’, The Telegraph, 9 July, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/9386840/why-the-militarymust-invade-our-schools.html, accessed 2 September 2014.
I. Tyler (2013) Revolting Subjects: Social Abjection and Resistance in Neoliberal Britain (London: Zed Books).
F. Vane (1910, reprint 2012) The Boy Knight: Essays and Addresses on the Evolution of the boy Scout Movement (London: National Peace Scouts).
V. Ware (2012) ‘Is the army invading British civil society?’, Open Democracy, http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/vron-ware/is-army-invading-british-civil-society, accessed 2 September 2014.
C. Waugh (2010) ‘The Origin of the Plebs League part 1: Taking the University to the Workers’, http://www.workersliberty.org/story/2010/07/02/origin-plebs-league-part-1-taking-university-workers, accessed 18 August 2014.
J. Young (1988) John Maclean: Educator of the Working Class (Glasgow: Clydeside Press).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 John Grayson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grayson, J. (2015). Challenging the Order of Things: Independent Working-Class Education as a Model for Contemporary Praxis. In: Cooper, C., Gormally, S., Hughes, G. (eds) Socially Just, Radical Alternatives for Education and Youth Work Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137393593_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137393593_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-39358-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-39359-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)