Abstract
Two things came together after 9/11 which both play a major role in this book: Germany’s post-war history, and US and international policies in Afghanistan. In the more than forty years preceding the terrorist attacks, Germany’s security policy had witnessed an extraordinary evolution — starting as an almost demilitarized society after the Second World War, Germany eventually came to send its forces to bombard Serbia without a UN mandate.1
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Notes
For a much more detailed discussion on this development, see C. Hilpert, Accidental Combatants: German Strategic Culture and the Bundeswehr’s Deployment to Afghanistan (doctoral dissertation, Munich: University of the Federal Armed Force, 2012).
K. Longhurst, Germany and the Use of Force (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2004), p. 28.
G. Almond, A Discipline Divided: Schools and Sects in Political Science (London: Sage Publications, 1989), p. 152.
W. von Bredow, ‘Conscription, Conscientious Objection, and Civic Service: The Military Institutions and Political Culture of Germany, 1945 to the Present,’ Journal of Political and Military Sociology 20, no. 2 (1992).
M. Inacker, Unter Ausschluß der Öffentlichkeit (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag, 1991), pp. 29–30.
N. Philippi, Bundeswehr-Auslandseinsätze als außen-und sicherheitspolitisches Problem des geeinten Deutschland (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1997), p. 61.
R. Holbrooke, To Stop A War (New York, NY: Random House, 1998), pp. 69–70.
A. Dalgaard-Nielsen, ‘The Test of Strategic Culture: Germany, Pacifism and Pre-emptive Strikes,’ Security Dialogue 36, no. 3 (2005), pp. 347–348.
S. Schmuck-Soldan, Der Pazifismus bei Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen (doctoral dissertation, Berlin: Humboldt University, 2004), p. 124, http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/ dissertationen/schmuck-soldan-steffen-2004–05–03/PDF/Schmuck-Soldan. pdf, date accessed September 13, 2010.
S. Sedlmayr, Die aktive Außen-und Sicherheitspolitik der rot-grünen Bundesregierung1998–2005 (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008), p. 124.
B. Woodward, Bush at War (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 317.
A. Rashid, Descent into Chaos — The United States and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia (London: Penguin Books, 2009), p. 80.
Woodward, Bush at War, p. 249. See also T. Franks, American Soldier (New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 2004), pp. 296 and 301.
S. G. Jones, In the Graveyard of Empires — America’s War in Afghanistan (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009), p. 94.
P. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan — Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers (New York, NY: Public Affairs, 2011), p. 610.
S. Gall, War against the Taliban — Why It All Went Wrong in Afghanistan (London: Bloomsbury, 2012). See also the account of Peter Bergen, ‘The Battle for Tora Bora,’ New Republic online, December 22, 2009, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/the-battle-tora-bora.
United States Senate, Tora Bora Revisited: How We Failed to Get Bin Laden and Why It Matters Today, Report to Members of the Committee on Foreign Relations, November 30, 2009, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/ html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm.
D. Zakheim, A Vulcan’s Tale — How the Bush Administration Mismanaged the Reconstruction of Afghanistan (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2011), p. 3.
M. R. Gordon and General B. E. Trainor, Cobra II (New York, NY: Random House, 2007), pp. 3 and 20–21.
See also Ulf von Krause, Die Afghanistaneinsätze Der Bundeswehr: Politischer Entscheidungsprozess mit Eskalationsdynamik (Opladen: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011).
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© 2014 Carolin Hilpert
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Hilpert, C. (2014). Setting the Scene: The US War on Terrorism. In: Strategic Cultural Change and the Challenge for Security Policy. New Security Challenges Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137383792_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137383792_3
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