Abstract
During his visit to England in 1726–1729, Voltaire made the acquaintance of a retired Quaker merchant who received and entertained him in his simple country house.
The Quaker was a hale and hearty old man who had never been ill because he had never known passions or intemperance; never in my life have I seen a more dignified or more charming manner than his … He kept his hat on while receiving me and moved toward me without even the slightest bow, but there was more politeness in the frank, kindly expression on his face than there is in the custom of placing one leg behind the other and holding in one’s hand what is meant for covering one’s head.1
I feel the language of encouragement …
Esther Tuke, 1792
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Notes
Voltaire, Letters on England, tr. Leonard Tancock (London: Penguin Books, 1980, orig. 1734), Letter No. 1, “On the Quakers,” p. 23.
Geoffrey Cantor, Quakers, Jews, and Science: Religious Responses to Modernity and the Sciences in Britain, 1650–1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 23.
Sheila Wright, Friends in York: The Dynamics of Quaker Revival (Keele, UK: Keele University Press, 1995), p. 134.
William K. Sessions and E. Margaret Sessions, eds., The Tukes of York in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (London: Friends Home Service Committee, 1971), p. 13.
FHL, MSS note book for good penmanship of William Sturge 1797, Ackworth School, MSS Box G 1/5/1–2; and Edward Milligan, Biographical Dictionary of British Quakers in Commerce and Industry, 1775–1920 (York, UK: Sessions Book Trust, 2007) pp. 552–5 for students at Ackworth from 1779. Thanks to Margaret Jacob for this information.
W. A. Campbell Stewart, Quakers and Education as Seen in Their Schools in England (Port Washington, NY, and London: Kennikat Press 1971, orig. 1953), p. 200.
Louis C. Charland, “Benevolent Theory: Moral Treatment at the York Retreat,” History of Psychiatry, 18 (1): 061–080, 2007.
Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, tr. Richard Howard (New York, Toronto, and London: New American Library, 1965), 246.
Paul Sangster, Pity My Simplicity: The Evangelical Revival and the Religious Education of Children 1738–1800 (London: The Epworth Press, 1963).
John Conolly, The Treatment of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints, 1856, quoted in “State of an Institution near York, Called the Retreat, for Persons Afflicted with Disorders of the Mind” (York: W. Blanchard and Son, 1815), p. 23.
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© 2013 Margaret C. Jacob and Catherine Secretan
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Mack, P. (2013). Depression and Evangelicalism in the Family of Esther Tuke. In: Jacob, M.C., Secretan, C. (eds) In Praise of Ordinary People. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137380524_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137380524_11
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