Skip to main content

Abstract

This chapter considers the development of critical thinking education in China. On the one hand, progress in critical thinking education in China has been made since the late 1990s, including textbooks, courses, articles, projects, conferences, etc. On the other hand, the development in reality is sluggish, difficult, and with undesirable “Chinese characteristics.” In our analysis, the most important factors underlying the problems are not traditional Chinese collectivism or difficulties in teaching Chinese students. We argue instead that the main resistance comes from the uncritical cognitive dispositions in the Chinese tradition and the materialistic values of modern Chinese society. Based on this understanding, we outline a strategy for achieving progress and steering critical thinking education to a better and faster track.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bell, D. 2008, D. 2008. “Chinese Students’ Constructive Nationalism.” Chronicle of Higher Education. October 21, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, M. N., and Keeley, S. M. 1994. Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Translated by Xiaohui Zhang and Jinjie Wang. (third edition). Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press. Original edition, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B. 2002. What Is Logic? Beijing: Peking University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. 2013. “On the Characteristics of a Critical Thinking Teacher.” Newsletter for Critical and Creative Thinking Education 2013 (14): 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M. 2013. “Critical Thinking: From a Logician’s Point of View.” Newsletter for Critical and Creative Thinking Education 2013 (14): 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. B. 2013. “Reflections on Critical Pedagogy Workshops.” Newsletter for Critical and Creative Thinking Education 2013 (12): 10–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M., and Yu, J. 2011. Logic and Critical Thinking. Beijing: China Renmin University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuah, S. 2013. “Teaching East-Asian Students: Some Observations.” The Economics Network 2010. July 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, M. 2007. “Cognitive Contours: Recent Work on Cross-Cultural Psychology and Its Relevance for Education.” Studies in Philosophy and Education 26 (1): 13–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, Y. 1992. “Russell and Chinese Civilization.” Russell 12 (1): 22–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, Y. 2010. Principles and Methods of Critical Thinking: Toward the New Knowledge and Action. Beijing: China Higher Education Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, Y., and Liu, Y. 2013. “Critical Thinking: Foster New Type of Creative Engineers.” Higher Engineering Education 2013 (1): 176–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, R. H. 1991. “Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception.” Teaching Philosophy 14 (1): 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, R. H. 1996. Critical Thinking. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, R. H. 1998. “Is Critical Thinking Culturally Biased?” Teaching Philosophy 21 (1): 15–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, R. H. 2011. “Critical Thinking: Reflection and Perspective, Part I.” Inquiry: Critical Thinking across the Disciplines 26 (1): 4–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Facione, P. 1990. “The Delphi Report: Critical Thinking.” A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. Millbrae: California Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Facione, P., Facione, N., Tiwari, A., and Yuen, F. 2009. “Chinese and American Perspectives on the Pervasive Human Phenomenon of Critical Thinking.” Journal of Peking University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) 46 (1): 55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A., and Scriven, D. 1997. Critical Thinking: Its Definition and Assessment. Point Reyes, CA: Edgepress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gan, Y. 2010. “Shaping Critical Thinking Courses with Critical Thinking.” Journal of Southwest University (Social Sciences Edition) 36 (6): 51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu, Z. 2000. Argumentation and Analysis: Application of Logic. Beijing: People’s Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu, Z. 2011. “Basic Thinking Skills and Critical Thinking.” Guangming Daily, May 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu, Z., and Liu, Z. 2006. Critical Thinking Text. Beijing: Peking University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, D. 1983. Critical Thinking: A Guide to Evaluating Information. Toronto: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, D. 2012. “Critical Thinking as an Education Ideal.” Journal of Higher Education 2012 (11): 54–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kember, D. 2000. “Misconceptions about the Learning Approaches, Motivation and Study Practices of Asian Students.” Higher Education 40 (1): 99–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, G., and Goodpaster, J. 2010. Thinking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Critical and Creative Thought. Translated by Guangzhong Han (fourth edition). Beijing: China Renmin University Press. Original edition, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. 2012. “A Chinese Education, for a Price.” The New York Times, November 22, A6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, R. 2010. “Role of General Education in China’s Education Development.” May 5. Accessed November 8, 2012. Available from http://edu.people.com.cn/GB/8216/188867/189175/11524636.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, M. 2012. “History and Reflection of Researches on Thinking Skills of English Major Students in China.” Newsletter for Critical and Creative Thinking Education 2012 (9): 6–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., Xu, X., and Chen, G. 2012. “The Causes of the Practical Education Problems in Engineering Education.” Higher Engineering Education 2012 (3): 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlewood, W. 2000. “Asian Students Really Want to Listen and Obey?” ELT Journal 54 (1): 32–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B., and Parker, R. 2012. Critical Thinking. Translated by S. Zhu. (ninth edition). Beijing: China Machine Press. Original edition, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, A. K. 2001. Why Asians Are Less Creative Than Westerners. Singapore: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R. E. 2004. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently… and Why. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan, M., and Guo, L. 2010. “Critical Thinking and Chinese International Students: An East-West Dialogue.” Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 5 (2): 53–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, R., and Elder, L. 2010. Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life. Translated by Wei Ding. Shanghai: Genzhi Publishing House. Original edition, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, K. 1997. Naive Dialecticism and Its Effects on Reasoning and Judgment about Contradiction. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, K., and Nisbett, R. 1999. “Culture, Dialectics, and Reasoning about Contradiction.” American Psychologist 54 (9): 741–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, J. 2007. “Bring Critical Thinking to the Education of Developing Country Professionals.” International Education Journal 8 (1): 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero, V. 2010. Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Translated by Shu Gu and Yurong Dong. (eighth edition). Shanghai: Fudan University Press. Original edition, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, L., and Lynch, S. 2012. “The Pursuit of Happiness in China: Individualism, Collectivism, and Subjective Well-Being during China’s Economic and Social Transformation.” Social Indicators Research 2012 (September): 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upton, T. 1989. “Chinese Students, American Universities and Cultural Confrontation.” MinneTESOL Journal 7: 9–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandermensbrugghe, J. 2004. “The Unbearable Vagueness of Critical Thinking in the Context of the Anglo-Saxonisation of Education.” International Education Journal 5 (3): 417–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L. 2003. “Why Students Do Not Respect Teachers.” Composition King 2003 (5): 22–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, D., and Biggs, J. 1996. The Chinese Learner: Cultural, Psychological and Contextual Influences. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, D., and Biggs, J. 2001. Teaching the Chinese Learner: Psychological and Pedagogical Perspectives. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong, ACER Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen, J. 2012. “Actively Meet Challenges of New Revolutions of Science and Technology.” June 11. November 8, 2012. Available from http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012–07/02/content_2175033.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weston, A. 2011. A Rulebook for Arguments. Translated by S. Qin. (fourth edition). Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House. Original edition, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H., and Liu, C. 2005. Critical Thinking: Based on the Tools of the Logic of Arguments. Taiyuan: Shanxi People’s Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H., and Zhou, J. 2010. Critical Thinking: From Perspective of Logic of Arguments. (revised edition). Beijing: China Renmin University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, M. 2006. “On the Relationship between Critical Thinking and Logic.” Modern Philosophy 2006 (2): 114–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, J. C. 2007. “Individualistic Teaching and Its Critique.” Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method 2007 (8): 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, J. L. 2009. “The Dissolution of the Big Self: The Transformation of Individualism in Modern China.” Chinese Social Science Quarterly Spring.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, W. 2007. Logic and Critical Thinking. Beijing: Peking University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, H. 2013. “Report on Critical Pedagogy Workshops.” Newsletter for Critical and Creative Thinking Education 2013 (12): 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, A., and Jin, M. 2010. “Respect Scholarship of Teaching, Practical Solution to Improve Quality of Teaching in Higher Education.” China University Teaching 2010 (11): 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Martin Davies Ronald Barnett

Copyright information

© 2015 Martin Davies and Ronald Barnett

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dong, Y. (2015). Critical Thinking Education with Chinese Characteristics. In: Davies, M., Barnett, R. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics