Abstract
In the early postwar years, disciplinary growth in glaciology quickened. Across Europe, new glaciological societies and research bodies were formed and existing ones strengthened. Among others, the Swiss Commission for Snow and Avalanche Research, dating from the nineteenth century, built a new, modern snow and ice research laboratory immediately after the war, the French Hydrotechnical Society founded a glaciological section in 1948 to bolster the study of French glaciers, and the Icelandic Glaciological Society, established in 1950, built a research station on the Vatnajökull ice dome in the same year. And in Norway, when the Norsk Polarinstitutt (Norwegian Polar Institute) brought world-renowned oceanographer Harald Ulrik Sverdrup home from the Scripps Institute for Oceanography in La Jolla, California, to head the Norwegian institute, one of Sverdrup’s first moves was to add a glaciologist to his staff in order to build a program of glaciological research in Norway and on Svalbard.1
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Notes
“Jökull,” 1951 (Yearbook of the Glaciological Society of Iceland, Vol. 1), Richard Haefeli, “The Development of Snow and Glacier Research in Switzerland,” Journal of Glaciology 1, no. 4 (1948): 193
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Robert MacDonald, “Challenges and Accomplishments: A Celebration of the Arctic Institute of North America,” Arctic 58, no. 4 (2005).
Robert F. Legget, “Canadian Snow Conference,” Journal of Glaciology 1, no. 3 (1948); “Glaciological Conference of the American Geographical Society,” Journal of Glaciology 1, no. 6 (1949).
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Uwe Radok, “The International Commission on Snow and Ice and Its Precursors, 1894–1994,” Hydrological Sciences Journal 42, no. 2 (1997).
Willi Dansgaard, Frozen Annals: Greenland Ice Cap Research ( Copenhagen: Niels Bohr Institute, 2005 ), 32.
Hubert Horace Lamb, “Britain’s Climate in the Past (Lecture given to the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Southampton on September 2, 1964),” in The Changing Climate: Selected Papers, ed. Hubert Horace Lamb ( London: Methuen & Co., 1966 ), 171.
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J. Kermit Walls, “The RC-130A Aircraft: A New World Mapping System,” Photogrammetric Engineering (June 1960), Paul W. Jordan, “HIRAN Instrumental Developments,” Journal of Geophysical Research 65, no. 2 (1960).
Veikko A. Heiskanen, “New Era of Geodesy,” Science 121, no. 3133 (1955): 50; Warner, “From Tallahassee to Timbuktu: Cold War Efforts to Measure Intercontinental Distances,” 396; Lee R. Williams, “Final Report, Project 53-AFS-1, Phase 1” (Headquarters, 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing Detachment #2, US Air Force, 1953); “APCS: An Exceptional Unit,” The MATS Flyer 11 (1964)
James Raymond Smith, Introduction to Geodesy: The History and Concepts of Modern Geodesy ( New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997 ).
Edison Blair, Arctic Adventure: An Account of the First C-47 Landing at the North Pole (US Air Force Monograph, 1952).
Bill Duncan, “New Breed of Pilot Tames the Arctic” (Long Beach Press-Telegram, p. B-2, 1964 ).
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© 2013 Janet Martin-Nielsen
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Martin-Nielsen, J. (2013). It Has Completely Changed. In: Eismitte in the Scientific Imagination. Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137375988_5
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