Skip to main content

Science-Based Initiatives against Dangerous or Useless Drugs

  • Chapter
Good Pharma

Abstract

Rsearchers at most centers for either pharmaceutical or pharmacological esearch keep their heads in the lab and do not consider it their business how companies promote the drugs they develop or how doctors actually prescribe them, even if they know about the distorting commercial practices often featured in the lay and medical press. But since the Mario Negri Institute is dedicated to basic and clinical pharmacology for better patient care, its leaders pioneered ways to replace “bad pharma” with “good pharma” by reducing the thousands of medicines that drug companies put on the market after World War II without evidence of patient benefit and with risks of harm. They worked to eliminate bad drugs and limit doctors to prescribing good ones more rationally. This chapter describes some remarkable efforts by research leaders at the Institute to apply clinical pharmacology to whole regional, national, and international formularies for prescribing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Young JH. The Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America Before Federal Regulation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1961

    Google Scholar 

  2. Garattini S. Pharmaceutical Companies in Italy. Milano: The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research 2012 (Sept 12).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tognoni G, et al. A drug information system for an Italian community hospital. In: Anderson J, Fosthe J, eds. Medinfo 74. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1975: 895–899.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tognoni G. A therapeutical formulary for Italian general practitioners. The Lancet (June 24). 1978: 1352–1353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Light D, Lexchin J. Pharmaceutical R&D—What do we get for all that money? BMJ. 2012; 344: e4348.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hilts PJ. Protecting America’s Health: The FDA, Business and One Hundred Years of Regulation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf; 2003: Ch 8.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Farina M, Levati A, Tognoni G. A multicenter study of ICU drug utilization. Intensive Care Medicine. 1981; 7 (3): 125–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Le Fanu J. The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine: revised edition. New York: Basic Books; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Antezana F, Seuba X. Thirty Years of Essential Medicines: The Challenge. Amsterdam: HAI Europe; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Morgan SG, Bassett KL, Wright JM, et al. “Breakthrough” drugs and growth in expenditure on prescription drugs in Canada. BMJ. 2005; 331 (7520): 815–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fattore G, Jommi C. The new pharmaceutical policy in Italy. Health Policy. 1998; 46: 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Garattini S. The cultural shift in Italy’s pharmaceutical policy in 1994: a case history. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management. 2004; 27 (2): 120–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Fattore G, Jommi C. The last decade of Italian pharmaceutical policy: instability of consolidation? Pharmacoeconomics. 2008; 26 (1): 5–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Barbui C, Campomori A, Mezzalira L, Lopatriello S, Da Cas R, Garattini S. Psychotropic drug use in Italy, 1984–1999: the impact of a change in reimbursement status. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2001; 16: 227–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Garattini S, Garattini L. Pharmaceutical prescriptions in four European countries. The Lancet. 1993; 342: 1191–1192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Light and Lexchin, Pharmaceutical R&D; Munos B. Lessons from 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation. Nature Reviews/Drug Discovery. 2009; 8: 959–968;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Adamini S, Maarse H, Versluis E, Light DW. Policy making on data exclusivity in the European Union: from industrial interests to legal realities. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 2009; 34: 979–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Joppi R, Bertele’ V, Garattini S. Disappointing biotech. BMJ. Oct 15 2005; 331 (7521): 895–897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hopkins MM, Martin PA, Nightingale P, Kraft A, Mahdi S. The myth of the biotech revolution: an assessment of technological, clinical, and organizational change. Research Policy. 2007; 36: 566–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Palmer B. Where are all the miracle drugs? Slate; 2013 (Sept 30).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Goldacre B. Bad Pharma: How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm. London: Faber & Faber; 2012: x.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mundy A. Dispensing with the Truth: The Victims, the Drug Companies, and the Dramatic Story behind the Battle Over Fen-Phen. New York: St. Martin’s Press; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mullard A. World report: Mediator scandal rocks French medical community. The Lancet. 2011; 377: 891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sayare S. Scandal over Mediator, a French weight-loss drug, prompts calls for wide changes. The New York Times. 2011 (Dec 11).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jessop N. 2012: A good, bad, and ugly year for France’s Servier. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe. 2012; (Feb 1): Vol 24.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Robbins R. Profiles in medical courage: evidence-based medicine and Archie Cochrane. Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care. 2012; 5: 65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cochrane A. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Service. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chalmers I, Dickersin K, Chalmers T. Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane’s agency: a register of all randomized controlled trials. BMJ. 1992; 3005: 786–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Colombo F, Shapiro S, Slone D, Tognoni G, eds. Epidemiological Evaluation of Drugs. Amsterdam/London: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; 1977; (http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/illustrating/records/epidemiological-evaluation-of-drugs/title_pages).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Himel H, Liberati A, Gelber R, Chalmers T. Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a pooled estimate based on results from published randomized trials. JAMA. 1986; 256: 1148–1159; (http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/illustrating/records/adj uvant-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer-a-pooled- estimate -based/ key_passages).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Pecoraro V, Allen C, Banzi R, et al. The Italian Contribution to the Cochrane Collaboration and to the Dissemination of Evidence-Based Healthcare. Milan; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Welch H, Schwartz L, Woloshin S. Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in the Pursuit of Health. Boston: Beacon; 2012

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brownlee S. Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine Is Making Us Sicker and Poorer. New York: Bl oomsbury; 2007

    Google Scholar 

  34. Moynihan R, Cassels A. Selling Sickness: How the World’s Biggest Pharmaceutical Companies Are Turning Us All Into Patients. New York: Nation Books; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pecoraro et al., Italian contribution; n.a. Alessandro Liberati. 2013; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Liberati Accessed Dec 6, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Colombo C, Moja L, Gonzalez-Lorenzo M, Liberati A, Mosconi P. Patient empowerment as a component of health system reform: rights, benefits and vested interests. International Emergency Medicine. 2012; 7: 183–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mosconi P, Colombo C, Satolli R, Liberati A. PartecipaSalute, an Italian project to involve lay people, patients’ associations and scientific-medical representatives in the health debate. Health Expectations. 2006; 10: 194–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Chalmers I, Glasziou P. Avoidable waste in the production and reporting of research evidence. The Lancet. 2009; 374 (9683): 86–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Liberati A. Need to realign patient-oriented and commercial academic research. The Lancet. 2011; 378: 1777–1778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Gartlehner G, Flamm M. Is the Cochrane collaboration prepared for the era of patient-centered outcomes research? The Cochrane Library; 2013 (Mar 28).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gøtzsche P. Deadly Medicines and Organized Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Healthcare. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press; 2013

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gøtzsche P, Jorgensen A. Opening up data at the European Medicines Agency. BMJ. 2011; 342: d2686.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2015 Donald W. Light and Antonio F. Maturo

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Light, D.W., Maturo, A.F. (2015). Science-Based Initiatives against Dangerous or Useless Drugs. In: Good Pharma. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374332_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics