Abstract
As one of the post-communist countries, the Czech Republic has gone through a transition from a state-planned to a market economy, which has influenced, among many other processes, the situation in the labour market. The route to economic and political transformation has been described in detail elsewhere (for example Večernik, 1996; Potůček, 1998, 1999; Hamplová, 2003). The aim of this chapter was to explore the influence of motherhood and fatherhood on the position in the labour market in the Czech Republic in the context of the work-life reconciliation policy measures. With the results, we would like to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the impact of the institutional setting and the cultural norms related to motherhood and parenthood on the employment of men and women. The chapter concentrates on the situation of Czech mothers and fathers with young children during the period from the beginning of the political changes in 1989 until the aftermath of the global economic crisis in 2009. The distribution of risks regarding labour market participation — insecurity in the labour market and poverty — was considered in the specific cultural and institutional context.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage).
Beck, U. (2000) The Brave New World of Work (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Becker, G. (1981) A Treatise on the Family (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Becker, G. (1996) Accounting for Tastes (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Blum, S., Formánková, L. and Dobrotic, I. (2014) ‘Family Policies in “Hybrid” Welfare States after the Crisis: Pathways between Policy Expansion and Retrenchment’, Social Policy & Administration, 48 (4), 468–491.
Bonoli, G. (2006) ‘New Social Risks and the Politics of Post-Industrial Social Policies’ in K. Armingeon and G. Bonoli (eds) The Politics of Post-Industrial Welfare States. Adapting Post-War Social Policies to New Social Risks (New York: Routledge), pp. 2–26.
Čermáková, M. (1995) ‘Gender, společnost, pracovní trh’ [‘Gender, Society, Labour Market’], Sociologický časopis, 31 (1), 7–24.
Chaloupková, J. and Mitchell, E. (2009) ‘Návrat do zaměstnání po rodičovské dovolené: rozdíly podle rodinného uspořádání’ [‘Return to Work after Parental Leave: Family Arrangement Differences’], Fórum sociální politiky, 3 (3), 2–8.
Crompton, R. and Lyonette, C. (2006) ‘Work-Life “Balance” in Europe’, Acta Sociologica, 49 (4), 379–393.
Crompton, R. and Harris, F. (1998) ‘Explaining Women’s Employment Patterns: “Orientations to Work” Revised’, British Journal of Sociology, 49 (1), 118–136.
Duncan, S. and Edwards, R. (1999) Lone Mothers, Paid Work: And Gendered Moral Rationalities (London: Macmillan).
Duncan, S., Edwards, R., Reynolds, T. and Alldred, P. (2003) ‘Motherhood, Paid Work and Partnering: Values and Theories’, Work, Employment and Society, 17 (2), 309–333.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Esping-Andersen, G. (2009) The Incomplete Revolution. Adapting to Women’s New Roles (Cambridge: Polity Press).
European Commission (2010) Indicators for Monitoring the Employment Guidelines including Indicators for Additional Employment Analysis (Compendium 2010) (European Commission: DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities).
European Union (2013) Progress on Equality between Men and Women in 2012 (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union).
Formánková, L. (2010) ‘Ideály péče v kontextu nových sociálních rizik’ [‘Ideals of Care in the Context of the New Social Risks’], Sociální studia, 7 (2), 69–92.
Formánková, L. and Dobrotic, I. (2011) ‘Mothers or Institutions? How Women Work and Care in Slovenia and the Czech Republic’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 19 (3), 409–427.
Gornick, J. C., Meyers, M. K. and Ross, K. E. (1997) ‘Supporting the Employment of Mothers: Policy Variation across Fourteen Welfare States’, Journal of European Social Policy, 7 (1), 45–70.
Hakim, C. (2000) Work-life Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Hakim, C. (2003) Models of the Family in Modern Societies: Ideals and Realities (Burlington: Ashgate).
Hamplová, D. (2003) ‘Women and the Labour Market in the Czech Republic: Transition from Socialist to Social Democratic Regime?’ Globalife Working Paper, 46.
Hašková, H. (2005) ‘Pracující matky a genderové role ve výsledcích mezinárodního longitudinálního výzkumu’ Working mothers and gender roles in an international longitudinal survey, Gender, Rovné Příležitosti, Výzkum, 6 (1), 22–27.
Hašková, H. (2011) ‘Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání’, The Changing Timing and Ways of Mothers’ Returning to the Workplace Gender, Rovné Příležitosti, Výzkum, 12 (2), 40–52.
Hašková, H., Maříková, H. and Uhde, Z. (2009) ‘Leaves, Allowances, and Facilities: Childcare Past and Present’ in H. Hašková and Z. Uhde (eds) Women and Social Citizenship in Czech Society: Continuity and Change (Praha: Sociologický ústav AV ČR), pp. 77–134.
Korpi, W. (2000) ‘Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class, and Patterns of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 2 (7), 127–191.
Kotýnková, M. (2006) Trhpráce napřelomu tisíciletí [The Labour Market at the Turn of the Millennium] (Praha: Vysoká škola ekonomická).
Krebs, V. ed. (2005) Sociální politika [Social Policy], Third Edition (Praha: ASPI, 2007).
Kremer, M. (2007) How Welfare States Care. Culture, Gender, and Parenting in Europe (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).
Křížková, A. (2007) ‘Nepříliš harmonická realita. Rodičovské kombinace práce a péče v mezích genderové struktury součcasné čéeské společénosti’ [‘Not Very Balanced Reality. The Parental Work/Life Balance in the Limits of the Gender Structure of the Contemporary Czech Society’], Gender, Rovné Příležitosti, Výzkum, 8 (2), 60–67.
Křížková, A. and Vohlídalová, M. (2009) ‘Rodiče na trhu práce: mezi prací a péči’ [‘Parents in the Labour Market: Between Work and Care’], Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 45 (1), 31–60.
Křížková, A., Maříková, H., Hašková, H. and Formánková, L. (2011) Pracovní dráhy žen v České republice [Working Paths of Women in the Czech Republic] (Praha: Slon).
Kuchařová, V. (2008) ‘Sociální a ekonomický vývoj české společnosti’ in J. Rych-taříková and V. Kuchařová (eds) Rodina, partnerství a demografické stárnuti [‘The Socio-Economic Development of Czech Society’ in Family, Partnerships, and Population Ageing] (Praha: VUPSV).
Kuchacřová, V. (2010) ‘Supply and Demand for Children’s Day-care Facilities and its Determinants in the Czech Republic’ in A. Scharle (ed.) Manka Goes to Work. Public Childcare in the Visegrad Countries 1989–2009 (Budapest: Budapest Institute for Policy Analysis).
Kuchacřová, V. (ed.), Ettlerová, S., Nešporová, O. and Svobodová, K. (2006) Zaměstnání a péče o malé děti z perspektivy rodičů azaměstnavatelů [Employment and childcare from perspectives of parents and employers] (Praha: VUPSV).
Le Roux, B. and Rouanet, H. (2004) Geometric Data Analysis. From Correspondence Analysis to Structured Data Analysis (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers).
Lebaron, F. (2008) ‘Central Bankers in the Contemporary Global Field of Power: A “Social Space” Approach’, The Sociological Review, 56 (Issue Supplement s1), 121–144.
Leitner, S. (2003) ‘Varieties of Familialism. The Caring Function of the Family in Comparative Perspective’, European Societies, 5 (4), 353–375.
Lewis, J. (1992) ‘Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes’, Journal of European Social Policy, 2 (3), 159–173.
Lewis, J. (2006) ‘Men, Women, Work, Care and Policies’, Journal of European Social Policy, 16 (4), 387–392.
Lewis, J. (2007) ‘Gender, Ageing and the “New Social Settlement”: The Importance of Developing a Holistic Approach to Care Policies’, Current Sociology, 55 (2), 271–286.
Možný, I. (2009) Proč tak snadno? [Why So Easy?] (Praha: SLON).
Paloncyová, J. and Matějková, B. (2003) Rodinná politika ve vybraných evropských zemích I [Family Policy in Chosen European Countries I] (Praha: VUPSV).
Pfau-Effinger, B. (1998) ‘Gender Cultures and the Gender Arrangement. Theoretical Framework for Cross-National Gender Research’, Innovation, 11 (2), 147–166.
Pfau-Effinger, B. (2004) Development of Culture, Welfare States and Women’s Employment in Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate).
Plasová, B. (2008) ‘Strategie zaměstnavatelů v oblasti harmonizace práce a rodiny v kontextu strategií pracujících rodičů sdětmi’ in T. Sirovátka and O. Hora (eds) Rodiny, děti a zaměstnání v české společnosti [‘Strategies of Employers in the Area of Work-Life Reconciliation in the Context of Working Parents’ Strategies’ in Families, Children and Employment in Czech Society] (Brno: František Šalé — Albert).
Pollert, A. (2003) ‘Women, Work and Equal Opportunities in Post-Communist Transition’, Work, Employment and Society, 17 (2), 331–357.
Potůček, M. (1998) Analýza vývoje, neuralgických bodů a rozvojových příležitosti české sociální politiky po roce 1989 [The Analysis of the Development, Neuralgic Areas and Developmental Opportunities of the Czech Social Policy after 1989] (Praha: Studie. Nadání Josefa Hlávky).
Potůček, M. (1999) Křižovatky české sociální reformy [Crossroads of Czech Social Reform] (Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství).
Ranci, C. (2009) ‘Social Vulnerability in Europe’, in C. Ranci (ed.) Social Vulnerability in Europe. The New Configuration of Social Risks (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
Rouanet, H., Ackermann, W. and Le Roux, B. (2000) ‘The Geometric Analysis of Questionnaires: the Lesson of Bourdieu’s La Distinction’, Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 65 (5), 5–18.
Sainsbury, D. (1994) ‘Women’s and Men’s Social Rights: Gendering Dimensions of Welfare State’, in D. Sainsbury (ed.) Gendering Welfare States (London: Sage), 150–169.
Saxonberg, S. and Sirovátka, T. (2006) ‘Failing Family Policy in Post-Communist Central Europe’, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 8 (2), 185–202.
Saxonberg, S. and Szelewa, D. (2007) ‘The Continuing Legacy of the Communist Legacy’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 14 (3), 351–379.
Šiklová, J. (1997) ‘Feminism and the Roots of Apathy in the Czech Republic’, Social Research, 64 (2), 258–280.
Sirovátka, T. (2005) ‘Životní šance, rodina a sociální politika’ in Rodinná politika jako nástroj prevence sociálního vyloučení [‘Life Chances, Family and Social Policy’ in Family Policy as a Tool to Prevent Social Exclusion], Sborník textů z česko-německorakouské konference (Brno: Národní centrum pro rodinu), pp. 18–22.
Sirovátka, T. ed. (2006) Rodina, zaměstnání a sociální politika [Family, Employment and Social Policy] (Brno: František Šalé — Albert).
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2004) New Risks, New Welfare. The Transformation of the European Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Tomešová-Bartáková, H. (2009) Cesta zpátky: návrat žen po rodičovské dovolené na trh práce v České republice [The Way Back. Women’s Return to the Labour Market after the Parental Leave] (Brno: MUNI Press).
Večerník, J. (1996) Změny na trhu práce a v materiálních podmínkách v České republice v období 1989–1995 [The Changes in the Labour Market and in the Material Conditions in the Czech Republic in the Period 1989–1995] (Praha: Národohospodářský ústav Josefa Hlávky).
Víznerová, H. and Vohlídalová, M. (2007) ‘Pracovní život v současné české společnosti’ in R. Dudová (ed.), Š Hastrmanová, H. Hašková, H. Víznerová and M. Vohlídalová Souvislosti proměn pracovního trhu a soukromého, rodinného a partnerského života [‘Working Life in the Current Czech Society’ in Relations of the Transformation of the Labour Market and Forms of Private, Family and Partnership Life in Czech Society], Sociologické studie/Sociological Studies, 07 (3) (Praha: Sociologický ústav AV ČR).
Vodochodský, I. (2007) ‘Patriarchát na socialistický způsob: k genderovému řádu státního socialismu’ [‘Socialist-Wise Patriarchy: On Gender Order of State Socialism’] Gender, Rovné Příležitosti, Výzkum, 8 (2), 34–42.
Vohlídalová, M. and Formánková, L. (2012) ‘Částečné úvazky v České republice: šance nebo riziko?’ [‘Part-Time Work in the Czech Republic: Chance or Risk?’] Fórum Sociální Politiky, 6 (5), 17–21.
Statistical databases
Czech Statistical Office (2012, 2013), available at: www.czso.cz/Eurostat 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013.
Eurostat, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/
Legislative sources
Act No. 117/1995 Coll., on State Social Support (amended).
Act No. 187/2006 Coll., on Sickness Insurance (amended).
Act No. 262/2006 Coll., Labour Code (amended).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 Lenka Formánková, Blanka Plasová and Jiří Vyhlídal
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Formánková, L., Plasová, B., Vyhlídal, J. (2016). Parental Employment Patterns in the Czech Republic: Economic Rationality or Cultural Norm?. In: Roosalu, T., Hofäcker, D. (eds) Rethinking Gender, Work and Care in a New Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137371096_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137371096_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-57128-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-37109-6
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)