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Introduction to Functional Brain Connectivity: Potential Contributions to Understanding Adolescent Vulnerability to Substance Abuse

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Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Addiction Treatment

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Abstract

Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood. The definition of this period varies, but it is commonly anchored to the start of puberty (~ 9–11 years in girls and 11–13 in boys) and ends at the age of legal adulthood (Adkins, 2011). Adolescence is characterized by considerable changes in multiple domains (i.e., physical, cognitive, emotional, motivational, and social). For example, goal-directed behaviors are executed with shorter reaction times than adults, motoric and cognitive inhibition are facilitated, and working memory is improved (Williams et al., 1999; Bedard et al., 2002; Munoz & Istvan, 1998; Gathercole et al., 2004; Ernst & Mueller, 2008). Concurrently, impulsivity, emotional lability, and risk taking are increased (Arnett, 1999; Dahl, 2004; Ernst, Pine, & Hardin, 2006; Hardin & Ernst, 2009; Buchanan, Eccles, & Becker, 1992), which, when extreme, can have dramatic life-changing consequences, such as drug addiction, serious car accidents, sexually transmitted infections, or unplanned pregnancies (Kann et al., 2014). In addition, these changes are concomitant with the adolescent peak incidence of many psychiatric disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders (Kessler et al., 2005; Angold & Costello, 2006).

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Authors
  1. Monique Ernst
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  2. Elizabeth A. Hale
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  3. Nicholas Balderston
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  4. Salvatore Torrisi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oregon Health & Science University, USA

    Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  2. University of New Mexico, USA

    Katie Witkiewitz (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  3. Center for Brain Health, University of Texas-Dallas, USA

    Francesca M. Filbey (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

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© 2015 Monique Ernst, Elizabeth A. Hale, Nicholas Balderston, and Salvatore Torrisi

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Ernst, M., Hale, E.A., Balderston, N., Torrisi, S. (2015). Introduction to Functional Brain Connectivity: Potential Contributions to Understanding Adolescent Vulnerability to Substance Abuse. In: Ewing, S.W.F., Witkiewitz, K., Filbey, F.M. (eds) Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Addiction Treatment. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137362650_12

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