Abstract
Just five days after Padmore passed away in a London hospital, officials in the British Foreign Office began to assess the impact of Padmore’s death upon politics in Africa, as well as the implications for British interests on the continent. The Foreign Office determined that Padmore had ‘filled the role of political theorist to the Pan-African Movement’ and that his death ‘leaves a vacuum’ that could lead to the movement stagnating, becoming ‘run down’, or more ominously for the British, ‘falling into the wrong hands’.2 They believed that no one was yet capable of ‘lay[ing] down the dogma of Pan-Africanism’ and that filling Padmore’s shoes presented a unique challenge since his was ‘a role (that of political thinker), rather than an appointment’.3 Ironically, both British and Soviet observers believed that Padmore had blocked their ability to effect African leaders (especially Nkrumah), and that Padmore’s passing removed an important obstacle to their influence on the continent. Now that this ‘renegade’, as Ivan Potekhin, a leading Soviet Africanist put it, was no longer a factor, Soviet observers felt that Nkrumah would be more willing to deal with Moscow.4 Thus, both the Soviets and the British assessed that Pan-Africanism was at a critical juncture at the time of Padmore’s death.
‘Time would pass, old empires would fall and new ones take their place, the relations of countries and the relations of classes had to change, before I discovered that it is not the quality of goods and utility that matter, but movement; not where you are and what you have, but where you have come from, where you are going and the rate at which you are getting there’.1
~ C.L.R. James, Beyond a Boundary
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Notes
P. Nugent, Africa since Independence: A Comparative History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p 34.
R. Irwin, Gordian Knot (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), p 20; C. J. Lee, ‘Decolonization of a Special Type’, Kronos 37, no. 1 (2011), p 9.
Sol Plaatje, Mhudi: An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago (Lovedale, South Africa: Lovedale Press, 1930); Nelson Mandela, ‘Wither the Black Consciousness Movement? An Assessment’, in Reflections in Prison, ed. Mac Maharaj (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), p 47. I am grateful to Elleke Boehmer for suggesting these readings.
N.P. Singh, Black is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), p 53. Singh recognizes Padmore’s Life and Struggles of Negro Toilers as one of the earliest examples by black intellectuals who in the 1930s began to draw together racism and colonialism as part of a single global history.
C.J. Lee, ‘Tricontinentalism in Question’, in Making a World After Empire, ed. C.J. Lee (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2010), pp. 280–281. Padmore’s engagement with the work of James La Guma and Harry Haywood can be found in RGASPI 491/155/83 and 534/6/25. For Haywood and La Guma’s theses, see H. Haywood, Black Bolshevik (Chicago, IL: Liberator Press, 1978), pp. 237–239. For the importance of the line on the ‘national question’ in America, see C. Robinson, Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition (London: Zed, 1984), p 300.
For one of the most important starting points for this research, see Matthew Connelly, ‘Taking off the Cold War Lens: Visions of North-South Conflict during the Algeria War for Independence’, The American Historical Review 105, no. 3 (2000), pp. 739–769.
Heonik Kwon, The Other Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010).
Nugent, Africa since Independence, p 8. See also F. Cooper, Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2005), p 17.
B. Davidson and Barry Munslow, ‘The Crisis of the Nation-State in Africa’, in The Politics of Transition in Africa: State, Democracy and Economic Development, eds G. Mohan and T. Zack-Williams (Sheffield: Roape, 2004), p 190; p 194.
B. Alleyne, Radicals against Race: Black Organising and Cultural Politics (Oxford: Berg, 2002), p 100.
P. Chabal, Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 167–187.
Tony Martin, ‘George Padmore as a Prototype of the Black Historian in the Age of Militancy’, Pan African Journal 4, no. 2 (Spring 1971), p 158; p 166.
W. Rodney, The Groundings with My Brothers (London: Bogle-L’Ouverture, 1969), p 64.
P. Gilroy, The Black Atlantic (London: Verso, 1993), p 30.
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© 2015 Leslie James
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James, L. (2015). Conclusion: ‘The Soliloquy of Africa’. In: George Padmore and Decolonization from Below. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137352026_10
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