Skip to main content

Beyond the Usual Suspects: Complexity of Fragility and Analytical Framework

  • Chapter
Development in Difficult Sociopolitical Contexts

Part of the book series: Rethinking International Development Series ((RID))

Abstract

Making development work in fragile states is one of the biggest challenges for [the] international community... Fragile states are the hardest countries in the world to help develop. Working with them is difficult and costly and carries significant risks. Aid programmes in fragile states pose difficult policy dilemmas. All too often, donors have made the calculation that it is less harmful to do nothing or to rely on humanitarian responses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Africa Peace Forum, Center for Conflict Resolution, Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies, Forum of Early Warning and Response, International Alert and Saferworld (2004), Conflict-Sensitive Approaches to Development, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding: A Resource Pack, Africa Peace Forum, et al.: London, UK. Available: http://www.conflictsensitivity.org/publications/ conflict-sensitive-approaches-development-humanitarian-assist ance-and-peacebuilding-res, accessed 4 August 2010.

  • Aus AID (2010), Website: ‘Fragile States and Australia’ s aid program’, Australian Agency for International Development (Aus AID). Available: http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/fragile_states.cfm, accessed 29 November 2010.

  • Aus AID (2011), Australia’ s Aid in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States, Australian Agency for International Development (Aus AID): Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aus AID-ODE (2011), Effective Aid in Fragile States-An Assessment of Australia’ s Performance, ODE Briefs December 2011, Australian Agency for International Development, Office of Development Effectiveness (Aus AID-ODE): Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baliamoune-Lutz, M. and McGillivray, M. (2008), State Fragility: Concept and Measurement, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER): Helsinki, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgin, P. and Morton, A.D. (2002), ‘Historicising representations of “Failed States”: Beyond the cold-war annexation of the social sciences?’ Third World Quarterly, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 55–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, L., Holm, H.-H., Sorensen, G. and Stohl, M. (2012), Fragile States: Violence a n d the Fa Uwe of In terven ti o n, C ambrid ge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carment, D., Prest, S. and Samy, Y. (2010), Security, Development, and the Fragile State: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Policy, London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carment, D., Prest, S. and Samy, Y. (2011), ‘The causes and measurement of state fragility’, in Naudé, W., Santos-Paulino, A.U. and McGillivray, M. (eds), Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, Oxford Scholarship Online: Wider Studies in Development Economics, pp. 43–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Carment, D. and Samy, Y. (2009), Extent and Sources of State Fragility and Failure: Core Factors in Fragility and Failure, paper presented to Project on Leadership and State Building, Woodrow Wilson International Center. Available: http:// www4.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1243.pdf, accessed 25 June 2013.

  • Chambers, R. (1983), Rural Development: Putting the Last First, London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, R. (1994), ‘Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) analysis of experience’, World Development, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 1253–1268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandy, L. (2011), Fragile States: Problem or Promise? Washington, DC: Brookings. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2011/12/ fragile-states-chandy, accessed 7 May 2014.

  • Chandy, L. and Gertz, G. (2011), Poverty in Numbers: The Changing State of Global Poverty from 2005 to 2015 Global Views, Vol. 18 Qanuary 2011), Washington, DC: Bonkings Institution. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/ r e s e ar ch /p aper s /2 011 / 01 / gl ob al-p o ver ty-ch an dy, accessed 17 M ay 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (2006), Falled States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy, New York, NY: Metropolitan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, P. (2007), The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What can be Done about it, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, M. and Hemon, K. (2009), Engagement in Fragile Situations: Preliminary Lessons from Donor Experience — A Literature Review, Evaluation Report EV699, London: Department for International Development (DFID). Available: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/-l-/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/aboutdfid/performance/files/engage-frag-liter-review.pdf, accessed 19 October 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • CSRC (2007), Crisis, Fragile and Failed States: Definitions Used by the CSRC, Crisis States Research Centre, London: London School of Economics. Available: http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/ crisisStates/download/drc/FailedState.pdf, accessed 24 October 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • DFID (2005), Why We Need to Work More Effectively in Fragile States, London, UK: Department for International Development (DFID). Available: http://www.jica.go.jp/cdstudy/library/pdf/20071101_11.pdf, accessed 18 October 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fund for Peace (2013), The Failed States Index 2013, Washington, DC: The Fund for Peace Conflict Early Warning and Assessment. Available: www.fundforpeace.org, accessed 24 July 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkavy R.E. (1981), ‘Pariah states and nuclear proliferation’, International Organization, Vol.35, No. 1, pp. 135–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IDC (2011), Department for International Development Annual Report & Resource Accounts 2009–10, Third Report of Session 2010–2011, London: House of Commons International Development Committee (IDC).

    Google Scholar 

  • IDC (2012), Working Effectively in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States: DRC & Rwanda, Twelfth Report of Session 2010–2012, London: House of Commons International Development Committee (IDC).

    Google Scholar 

  • IDPS (2011), A New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States, International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (IDPS), The G7+ Group. Available

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S.D. (2008), Fixing Fragile States: A New Paradigm for Development, Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcloughlin, C. (2012), Topic Guide on Fragile States, Governance and Social Development Resource Centre, Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham. Available: www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/CON86.pdf, accessed 15 October 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naudé, W., Santos-Paulino, A.U. and McGillivray M. (eds) (2011), Fragile States: Causes, Costs, and Responses, Wider Studies in Development Economics, Oxford Scholarship Online.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nay, O. (2013), ‘Fragile and failed states: Critical perspectives on conceptual hybrids’, International Political Science Review, Vol.34, No.3, pp. 326–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyamu-Musembi, C. and Cornwall, A. (2004), What is the ‘Rights-Based Approach’ All About? Perspectives from International Development Agencies, IDS Working Paper 234, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK. Available: http://www.ids.ac.uk, accessed 14 October 2009.

  • OECD (2005), The Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda for Action, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Available: http://www.oecd.org/dac/aideffectiveness/34428351.pdf, accessed 23 September 2012.

  • OECD (2007), Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States & Situations, rganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Development Co-operation Directorate. Available: http://www.oecd.org/ dataoecd/61/45/38368714.pdf, accessed 19 September 2011.

  • OECD (2008), Concepts and Dilemmas of State Building in Fragile Situations: From Fragility to Resilience, OECD-DAC Discussion Paper, April 2007, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Development

    Google Scholar 

  • Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC). Available: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/ 61/45/38368714.pdf, accessed 19 September 2011.

  • OECD-DAC (2009), Ensuring Fragile States Are Not Left Behind, April 2007, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC). Available: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/ 45/38368714.pdf, accessed 19 September 2011.

  • Patrick, S. (2011), Weak Links: Fragile States, Global Threats, and International Security, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Putzel, J. and Di John, J. (2012), Meeting the Challenges of Crisis States, Crisis States Research Centre, London: London School of Economics. Available: http://www.lse.ac.iik/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/ download/finalreport/Meeting-the-Challenges-of-Crisis-States.pdf, accessed 21 October 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, S.E. and Patrick, S. (2008), Index of State Weakness in the Developing World, Brookings Global Economic and Development, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotberg, R.I. (2003), ‘Failed states, collapsed states, weak states: Causes and indicators’, in Rotberg, R.I. (ed.), State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, Washington, DC: The World Peace Centre, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotberg, R.I. (2004), ‘The failure and collapse of nation-states’, in Rotberg, R.I. (ed.), When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A.K. (1999), Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepputat, F. and Engberg-Pedersen, L. (2008), ‘Fragile states: Definitions, measurements and processes’, in Engberg-Pedersen, L., Andersen, L., Stepputat, F. and Jung, D. (eds), Fragile Situations: Background Papers, Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies (DUS).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (1990), Human Development Report 1990: Concept and Measurement of Human Development, New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (1994), Human Development Report: New Dimensions of Human Security, New York: United Nations Development Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCAP (2011), What Is Good Governance?, New York: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNGA (2000), United Nations Millennium Declaration. Resolution 55/2, issued by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 8th plenary meeting, 8 September 2000. Available: http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ ares552e.htm, accessed 14 April 2013.

  • World Bank (2007), Chapter I: Weak Growth and Less Poverty Reduction in Fragile States, Global Monitoring Report: Confronting the Challenges of Gender Equality and Fragile States, Washington: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2010), Website: ‘Community Driven Development’. Available: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOP MENT/EXTCDD/0, menuPK:430167~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~the SitePK:430161,00.html, accessed 27 April 2010.

  • World Bank (2011), World Development Report: Conflict, Security and Development, Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M. (2003), Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty, New York: PublicAffairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zartman, I.W. (1995), ‘Introduction: Posing the problem of state collapse’, in Zartman, I.W. (ed.), Collapsed States: The Disintegration ana Restoration of Legitimate Authority, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zürcher, C. (2012), ‘Conflict, state fragility and aid effectiveness: Insights from Afghanistan’, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol.12, No.5 (Special Issue), pp. 461–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 Anthony Ware

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ware, A. (2014). Beyond the Usual Suspects: Complexity of Fragility and Analytical Framework. In: Ware, A. (eds) Development in Difficult Sociopolitical Contexts. Rethinking International Development Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137347633_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics