Abstract
At around 6:30 p.m. we were stopped by a group of policemen manning a checkpoint under a bridge. There were 10 of us passengers. One of the police entered and told the bus driver to “do his duty.” When the driver asked him what this meant, the policeman said, “You should know … give us ₦500 [500 naira was equivalent to about $4].” The driver offered $50 instead. Angered by this, the policeman ordered everyone out. We told him he had no right to do what he was doing. He said, “You can’t talk to a policeman like that … it’s an offense!” We responded, “No, what you’re doing is an offense!”
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Notes
Anatol Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country (New York: Public Affairs, 2011), 105 and 108.
Charles Kenny, Learning about Schools in Development, Working Paper 236 (Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2010), 5.
Tony Blair, Not Just Aid: How Making Government Work Can Transform Africa, public address at the Center for Global Development, Washington DC, December 16, 2010, 2.
Knowledge@Wharton, Punj Lloyd’s Atul Punj: Why Fixing Rural Infrastructure Is India’s Top Priority, India Knowledge@Wharton (August 15, 2010), http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4513.
Transparency International, Corruptions Perceptions Index 2010 Results (Berlin: Transparency International, 2010), http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results.
International Monetary Fund, 2010 World Economic Outlook (Washington DC: IMF, 2010), http://www.indexmundi.com/cambodia/gdp_real_growth_rate.html.
Steven Radelet, Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way (Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2010), 87–88.
Some of these ideas come from Merilee Grindle, “Good Enough Governance Revisited,” Development Policy Review 29, issue supplement (January 2011): S208–09.
See Tim Kelsall, “Going with the Grain in African Development?” Development Policy Review 26 no. 6 (November 2008): 627–55, and David Booth, “Aid, Institutions and Governance: What Have We Learned?” Development Policy Review 29, issue supplement (January 2011): s5–s26.
The 85 percent figure was recorded in 2003. World Bank, World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development (Washington DC: World Bank, 2006), 159.
Department for International Development (DFID), The Politics of Poverty: Elites, Citizens, and States (London: DFID, 2010), 46–47.
Caroline Sage and Michael Woolcock, “Breaking Legal Inequality Traps: New Approaches to Building Justice Systems for the Poor in Developing Countries” (paper presented at the World Bank conference New Frontiers of Social Policy: Development in a Globalizing World, Arusha, Tanzania, December 12–15, 2005), 20.
Janine Ubink and Benjamin van Rooij, Towards Customary Legal Empowerment: An Introduction (Rome: International Development Law Organization, 2011), 17.
Ha-Joon Chang, “Institutional Development in Developing Countries in a Historical Perspective: Lessons from Developed Countries in Earlier Times” (paper presented at the European Association of Evolutionary Political Economy Annual Meeting, Siena, Italy, November 8–11, 2001), 1–2.
Ricardo Hausmann, Dani Rodrik, and Andrés Velasco, “Growth Diagnostics,” John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2005).
Brian Levy, “Development Trajectories: An Evolutionary Approach to Integrating Governance and Growth,” Economic Premise 15 (Washington DC: World Bank, May 2010).
See UNICEF, Enquete Nationale sur la Situation des Enfants et des Femmes, MICS2/2001 (Kinshasa, DRC: UNICEF, July 2002), 31, 43, and 69.
Ministry of Education, Science, and Sports, The Development and State of the Art of Adult Learning and Education (Accra, Ghana: Ministry of Education, Science, and Sports, March 2008), 27.
Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Cesar Ducruet, The Geography of Transport Systems (New York: Routledge, 2009), http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/chlen/conclen/ch1c3en.html.
Wendell Cox, “China Expressway System to Exceed U.S. Interstates,” http://NewGeography.com, January 11, 2011, http://www.newgeography.com/content/002003-china-expressway-system-exceed-us-interstates.
Lee Kuan Yew, From ThirdWorld to First: The Singapore Story, 1965–2000 (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), 664–65.
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© 2013 Seth D. Kaplan
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Kaplan, S.D. (2013). Constructing a More Effective State. In: Betrayed. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137341808_8
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