Abstract
As European Capitals of Culture in 2010 and metropolitan areas of immigration and transmigration, both Istanbul and the Ruhr Area (Essen was designated as European Capital of Culture on behalf of the Ruhr Area) share a complex cultural and social history. Strong human, political, and economic ties have long linked the European Capital of Culture of Turkey to Germany’s main immigration region, which is about to become a new cultural center thanks to the recognition of its industrial heritage by UNESCO (Zeche Zollverein in Essen).1 Even though the cultural history of each region is different, a crisscross reading of ‘parallel lives’ between the two countries helps to understand better the use and the potential of urban diversity over time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexandris, A. (1992) The Greek Minority of Istanbul and Greek—Turkish Relations1918—1974. Athens: Centre for Asia Minor Studies.
Aubele, E. and Pieri, G. (2011) Femina Migrans. Frauen in Migrationsprozessen (18.–20. Jahrhundert). Sulzbach/Taunus: Ulrike Helmer Verlag.
Bade, K. J. (2003) Migration in European History. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Bade, K. J. (2011) The Encyclopaedia of Migration and Minorities in Europe from the 17th Century to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barrett, G. A., Jones, T. P., and McEvoy, D. (1996) “Ethnic Minority Business: Theoretical Discourse in Britain and North America.” Urban Studies, 33 (4–5), pp. 783–809.
Basch, L., Glick Schiller N., and Blanc-Szanton C. (1994) Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Post Colonial Predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation States. Langhorne, PA: Gordon and Breach.
Baur, J. (2009) Die Musealisierung der Migration. Einwanderungsmuseen und die Inszenierung der multikulturellen Nation. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Baycan-Levent, T. and Nijkam, P. (2009) “Characteristics of migrant entre-preneurship in Europe.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 21(4), pp. 375–397.
Beck, U. (2004) Der kosmopolitische Blick. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
Brickell, K. and Datta A. (2011) Translocal Geographies. Spaces, Places, Connections. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
Butler, J. (1988) “Acts and Gender Constitution. An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal 40 (4), pp. 519–531.
Chatziioannou, M. C. (2010) “Mediterranean Pathways of Greek Merchants to Victorian England.” The Historical Review/La Revue Historique, VII, pp. 213–237.
Constant, A. and Massey, D. (2002) “Return Migration by German Guestworkers: Neoclassical versus New Economic Theory.” International Migration, 40 (4), pp. 5–38.
Cottrell, P. (2007) The Ionian Bank. An Imperial Institution1839–1864. Athens: Alpha Bank.
Dick, E. and Reuschke, D. (2012) “Multilocational Households in the Global South and North: Relevance, Features, and Spatial Implications.” Die Erde, 143 (3), pp. 177–194.
DOMiD [=Dokumentationszentrum und Museum über die Migration in Deutschland e.V.] (2012) Stand der Dinge. Sammlung und Darstellung der Migrationsgeschichte. URL: http://www.domid.org/pdf/Stand_der_Dinge_Symposiumsdokumentation.pdf (accessed November 7, 2012)
Dustmann, C., Bentolila, S., and Faini, R. (1996) “Return Migration: The European Experience.” Economic Policy, 11 (22), pp. 213–250.
Ernst T. and Heimböckel D. (2012) Verortungen der Interkulturalität. Die “Euro-päischen Kulturhauptstädte” Luxemburg und die Großregion (2007), das Ruhrgebiet (2010) und Istanbul (2010). Bielefeld: Transkript.
ESSHC (2012) Conference program for the 9th European Social Science History Conference Glasgow, Scotland, UK Wednesday, April 11–Saturday, April 14, 2012, URL: http://www2.iisg.nl/esshc/programme.asp?selyear=12&nw=9 (accessed November 7, 2012)
European Commission (2006) The Economy of Culture in Europe. Study Prepared by KEA European Affairs for the EC Directorate-General for Education and Culture. URL: http://www.keanet.eu/en/ecoculturepage.html
Evans E. D. R. (1989) “Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effects of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool.” American Sociological Review, 54, pp. 950–962.
Fanning, B. and Munck, R. (2011) Globalization, Migration and Social Transformation. Ireland in Europe and the World (Studies in Migration and Diaspora). Farnham: Ashgate.
Glick Schiller, N. and Çağlar, A. (2011) Locating Migration. Rescaling Cities and Migrants. Ithaka: Cornell University Press.
Glick Schiller N., Basch, L., and Blanc, C. (1995) “From Immigrant to Transmigrant: Theorizing Transnational Migration.” Anthropological Quarterly, 68 (1), pp. 48–63.
Glick Schiller N., Basch, L., and Blanc-Syanton, C. (1992) Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Nationalism Reconsidered. New York: New York Academy of Science.
Göktürk, D., Soysal, L., and Türeli, I. (2010) Orienting Istanbul. Cultural Capital of Europe? Milton Park, Abingdon: Routlegde.
Hahn, S. (2012) Historische Migrationsforschung. Frankfurt: Campus. Harper, M. and Constantine, S. (2010) Migration and Empire (=Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hillmann, F. (2010) “New Geographies of Migration. Editorial.” Die Erde, 141 (1–2), pp. 1–13.
Kloosterman, R., van der Leun, J., and Rath J. (1998) “Across the border: Immigrants’ Economic Opportunities, Social Capital and Informal Business Activities.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24 (2), pp. 249–268.
Kloostermann R. and Rath J. (2003) “Introduction.” In: Immigrant entrepreneurs. Venturing abroad in the age of globalization, edited by R. Kloostermann and J. Rath, pp. 1–16. Oxford and New York: Berg.
Kofman, E. (2005) “Figures of the Cosmopolitan. Privileged Nationals and National Outsiders.” Innovation, 18 (1), pp. 83–97.
Lachenicht, S. (2010) Hugenotten in Europa und Nordamerika. Migration und Integration in der Frühen Neuzeit. Frankfurtam Main: Campus.
Levitt, P., DeWind, J., and Vertovec, S. (2003) “International Perspectives on Transnational Migration: An Introduction.” International Migration Review, 37 (3), pp. 565–575.
Liebig, T. (2005) A New Phenomenon: The International Competition for Highly-Skilled Migrants and Its Consequences for Germany. Bern: Haupt.
Light I. (1972) Ethnic Enterprise in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lundholm, E. (2012) “Returning Home? Migration to the Birthplace Among Migrants after Age 55.” Population, Space and Place, 18 (1), pp. 74–84.
Mahler S. (1998) “Theoretical and Empirical Contributions Toward a Research Agenda for Transnationalism.” In: Transnationalism from Below, edited by M. P. Smith and L. E. Guarnizo, pp. 64–102. New Bruinswick, NJ: Transaction Publisher.
Masurel, E., Nijkamp, P., Tastan, M., and Vindigni, G. (2002) “Motivations and Performance Conditions for Ethnic Entrepreneurship.” Growth and Change, 33 (2), pp. 238–260.
Merrills, A. and Miles, R. (2010) The Vandals. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
Mok, D. and Wellman B. (2007) “Did Distance Matter before the Internet?” Social Networks, 29 (3), pp. 430–461.
OECD (2010) Open for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship in the OECD Countries. OECD Publishing. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264095830-en
Palmer-Rae Associates (2004) European Cities and Capitals of Culture. Study Prepared for the European Commission. Part 1. Brussels.
Portes, A., Haller W.J., and Guarnizo L. E. (2002) “Transnational Entrepreneurs: An Alternative Form of Immigrant Economic Adaptation.” American Sociological Review, 67 (2), pp. 278–298.
Pries, L. (2001) New Transnational Social Spaces: International Migration and Transnational Companies in the Early Twenty-First Century. London: Routledge.
Pusch, B. and Aydin Y. (2011) Einwanderungspolitik—Abwanderung von hoch qualifizierten deutschen StaatsbürgerInnen türkischer Herkunft. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Working Paper. URL: http://www.migration-boell.de/web/migration/46_2872.asp
Rainie, L. and Wellman B. (2012) Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Ram, M. and Jones T. (2008) “Ethnic –Minority Business in the UK: A Review of Research and Policy Developments.” Environment and Planning C, 26, pp. 352–374.
Reuschke, D. (2010) “Job-Induced Commuting between Two Residences— Characteristics of a Multilocational Living Arrangement in the Late-Modernity.” Comparative Population Studies, 35 (1), pp. 107–134.
Regionalverband Ruhr (2011) http://www.metropoleruhr.de/fileadmin/user_upload/metropoleruhr.de/Bilder/Daten___Fakten/Regionalstatistik_PDF /Bevoelkerung/BevEnt_11_Tab.pdf
Reves, C. (2012) Vom Pomeranzengängler zum Großhändler? Netzwerke und Migrationsverhalten der Brentano-Familien im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert(=Studien zur historischen Migrationsforschung 23). Paderborn: Schoeningh.
Salzbrunn, M. (2012) “Gebietskartierung: Vielfalt/Diversity/Diversité.” Soziologische Revue, 35, pp. 375–394.
Salzbrunn, M. (2011) “Rescaling Processes in two ‘Global’ Cities: Festive Events as Pathways of Migrant Incorporaton.” In: Locating Migration. Rescaling Cities and Migrants, edited by N. Glick Schiller and A. Çağlar, pp. 166–189. Ithaka: Cornell University Press.
Salzbrunn, M. (2010) Gender & Migration between Research and Policies. Recommendations for improving coordination between Research and Policy: the French case. GEMMA Project Gender and Migration (FP 7).
Salzbrunn, M. (2008) “World Society, Transnationalism and Champs Migratoires: Reflections on German, Anglo-Saxon and French Academic Debates.” In: The Making of World Society. Perspectives from Transnational Research, edited by R.G. Anghel, E. Gerhartz, G. Rescher and M. Salzbrunn, pp. 75–100. Bielefeld: Transcript/Transaction.
Samers, M. (2010) Migration. London: Routledge.
Schiff, M. (1999) Trade, Migration and Welfare: The Impact of Social Capital. Policy Research Working Paper 2044. The World Bank Development Research Group, Trade, January 1999.
Sepulveda, L., Syrett, S., and Lyon, F. (2011) “Population Superdiversity and New Migrant Enterprise: The Case of London.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23 (7–8), pp. 469–497.
Simon, J. L. (1999) The Economic Consequences of Immigration. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Steinbrink, M. (2009) Leben zwischen Land und Stadt. Migration, Translokalität und Verwundbarkeitin Südafrika. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
TurkStat [=Turkish Statistical Institute] (2012) İl, yaş grubu ve cinsiyete göre nüfus [Population by province, age group and sex]. Istanbul. URL: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=945 (accessed November 7, 2012)
German Historical Institute, Washington DC and University of Maryland, College Park, MD (2012) Conference: Immigration & Entrepreneurship: An Interdisciplinary Conference. URL: http://newamerica.umd.edu/conferences/september2012.php (accessed October 1, 2012)
Urry, J. (2000) Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-first Century. London: Routledge.
Van Delft, H., Gorter, C., and Nijkamp, P. (2000) “In Search of Ethnic Entre-preneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study.” Environment and Planning C, 18, pp. 429–451.
Vertovec, S. (2009) Conceiving and Researching Diversity.MMG Working Paper 09–01. Gottingen: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethinic Diversity.
Vertovec S. (2006) The Emergence of Super-Diversity in Britain. Working Paper 25, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Vertovec, S. (2007a) New Complexities of Cohesion in Britain: Super-Diversity, Transnationalism and Civil-Integration. Think Piece for the Commission on Integration and Cohesion, Department for Communities and Local Government. London.
Vertovec, S. (2007b) “Super-Diversity and its Implications.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30 (6), pp. 1024–1064.
Waldinger R. (1990) “Opportunities, Group Characteristics and Strategies.” In: Ethnic Entrepreneurs, edited by R. Waldinger, H. Aldrich, and R. Ward, pp. 13–48. London: SAGE.
Waldinger, R. (2008) “Between ‘Here’ and ‘There’: Immigrant Cross-Border Activities and Loyalities.” International Migration Review, 42 (1), pp. 3–29.
Ward, R. (1987). “Ethnic entrepreneurs in Britain and Europe.” In: Entre-preneurship in Europe, edited by R. Goffee and R. Scase, pp. 83–104. Beckenham: Croom Helm.
Wai-chung Yeung H. (2009) “Transnationalizing Entrepreneurship: A Critical Agenda for Economic Geography”. Progress in Human Geography 33, pp. 210–235.
Yuval-Davis, N. (2006) The Situated Politics of Belonging. London: SAGE.
Zentrum für Türkeistudien (2002) Demographischer Wandel im Ruhrgebiet. Ethnisches Mosaik des Ruhrgebiets. Im Auftrag und herausgegeben von Projekt Ruhr. Essen.
Zhou, M. (2004) “Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Convergencies, Contro-versies, and Conceptual Advancements.” International Migration Review, 38 (3), pp. 1040–1074.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2013 Darja Reuschke, Monika Salzbrunn, and Korinna Schönhärl
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reuschke, D., Salzbrunn, M., Schönhärl, K. (2013). The Economies of Urban Diversity: An Introduction. In: Reuschke, D., Salzbrunn, M., Schönhärl, K. (eds) The Economies of Urban Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137338815_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137338815_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-46696-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-33881-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)