Abstract
This chapter continues to examine divergent perspectives on “Islam in America” but with greater attention to black Muslim attitudes and thought. It explores differences between broadly inclusive perspectives that entail both inclusive and exclusive definitions of Muslim identity, often embraced by black Muslims in contrast to consistently narrow definitions of Muslim identity, identified by Haddad in the introduction, in reference to immigrant Muslims and the “immigrant milieu.” It also examines black Muslim attitudes toward pop culture, key Islamic principles like flight, and other debated issues in Islam. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to provide a brief but revealing glimpse of black Muslim attitudes and thought that informs and sets the stage for a discussion (in chapter 5) of the behavior of several key figures and movements associated with contemporary Islam among blacks in the United States.
Fighting is enjoined on you, though it is disliked by you; and it may be that you dislike a thing while it is good for you, and it may be that you love a thing while it is evil for you; and Allah knows while you know not.
—Quran (2:216)
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Notes
Hisham Aidi, “Let Us Be Moors: Islam, Race and ‘Connected Histories’,” Middle East Report, online version, (November 2005): 1, http://loveforlife.com.au/content/08/02/13/let-us-be-moors-islam-race-and-connected-histories-hisham-aidi
Khalid Duran, “Demographic Characteristics of the American Muslim Community,” Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 36, no. 01, (1997), 61.
Steven Barboza, American Jihad: Islam After Malcolm X (New York: Doubleday, 1993), 58.
Gutbi Mahdi Ahmed, “Muslim Organizations in the United States,” in The Muslims of America, ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 14–18.
“Amid Islam’s Growth in the U.S. Muslims Face a Surge in Attacks,” New York Times, August 28, 1995, 1. Also see Sherman A. Jackson, “Preliminary Reflections on Islam and Black Religion,” in Muslims’ Place in the American Public Square, ed. Zahid H. Bukhari, Sulayman, S. Nyang, Mumtaz Ahmad, and John L. Esposito (New York: Altamira Press, 2004), 201.
See Muhammad Khalid Masud, “The Obligation to Migrate: The Doctrine of Hijra in Islamic Law,” in Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination, ed. Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).
Shahab Razfar, “Ballot or a Boycott: Should Muslims Get Involved in the American Political System,” Al-Talib: the Muslim News Magazine at UCLA, October 1997.
John O. Voll, “Islamic Issues for Muslims in the United States,” in The Muslims of America, ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 209.
John O. Voll, “Religion and Politics in Islamic Africa,” in The Religious Challenge to the State, ed. Matthew C. Moen and Lowell C. Gustafson (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), 213.
John L. Esposito, Foreword to Muslims’ Place in the American Public Square: Hope, Fears, and Aspirations, ed. Zahid H. Bukhari, Sulayman S. Nyang, Mumtaz Ahmad, and John L. Esposito. (New York: Altamira Press, 2004), xv.
M. Muktedar Khan, American Muslims (Chicago, Amana Publications, 2002). Also see
Karen Isaksen Leonard, Muslims in the United States: The State of Research, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003), 78, 104, 137.
See Gutbi Mahdi Ahmed, “Muslim Organizations in the United States,” in The Muslims of America, ed. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 22. Also see
Michael A. Koszegi and J. Gordon Melton, eds., Islam in North America: A Sourcebook (New York: Garland Publishing, 1992), Introduction xi–xii.
See M. Mohammed A. Muqtedar Khan, “Why Muslims Must participate in American Politics,” Preview Themestream, July 8, 2000, www.ijthad.org.
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© 2013 Samory Rashid
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Rashid, S. (2013). Beyond Malcolm X. In: Black Muslims in the US. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137337511_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137337511_5
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