Abstract
This chapter addresses the themes of this volume, which are the relations between European integration and Europeanization and the transition from incremental to structural change, in respect of the role of the EU in the democratization process of Central and Eastern Europe and specifically the development of the political conditionality and EU strategy on democracy in candidate countries. The end of communism in Central and Eastern Europe was a typical exogenous critical juncture impacting on the evolution of the EU’s approach to the issue of democracy in the candidate countries. Over the following two decades, these developments caused in turn a process of incremental Europeanization. The result, however, was a differentiated impact of Europeanization on the new member states, due to both internal and external factors. Moreover, this differentiated Europeanization obliged the EU to adapt its strategies and tools of influence. This fact results per se in deep implications for the political integration in the European Union and the relationship between Europeanization and EU integration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bánkuti, M., Halmai, G. and Scheppele, K.L. (2012) ‘Disabling the Constitution’, Journal of Democracy, 23(3), pp. 138–146.
Börzel, T. (2003) ‘Shaping and Taking EU Policies: Member State Responses to Europeanization’, Queen’s Papers on Europeanisation, pp. 1–15.
Bühlmann, M., Merkel, W., Müller, L. and Wessels, B. (2011) ‘The Democracy Barometer: A New Instrument to Measure the Quality of Democracy and Its Potential for Comparative Research’, European Political Science, 11, pp. 519–536.
Bútora, M. (2002) ‘The Present State of Democracy in Slovakia’, in M. Kaldor and I. Vejvoda (eds.) Democratization in Central and Eastern Europe (London: Continuum), pp. 97–118.
Bútora, M., Meseznikov, G. and Bútorová, Z. (1998) Overcoming Illiberalism: Slovakia’s 1998 Elections (Bratislava: Institute for Public Affairs (IVO)).
Carpenter, M. (1997) ‘Slovakia and the Triumph of Nationalist Populism’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 30(2), pp. 205–219.
Coman, R. (2009) Réformer la justice dans un pays post-communiste. Le cas de la Roumanie (Brussels: Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles).
Coman, R. (2014) “The normative power of the EU and Contentious Europeanization: The case of judicial politics”, Journal of European Integration, 10.1080/07036337.2014.894036, 1–17.
Council of the European Union. (1990) ‘Presidency Conclusion’, Dublin Council, 25–26 June.
Council of the European Union. (1992) ‘Presidency Conclusion’, Edinburgh Council, 11–12 December.
Council of the European Union. (1993) ‘Presidency Conclusion’, Copenaghen Council, 21–22 June.
Deegan-Krause, K. (2003) ‘The Ambivalent Influence of the European Union on Democratization in Slovakia’, in P. Kubicek (ed.) The European Union and Democratization (London: Routledge), pp. 56–86.
Elbasani, A. (ed.) (2013) European Integration and Transformation in Western Balkans (London: Routledge).
EU Commission. (2006) ‘Establishing a Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification of Progress in Bulgaria to Address Specific Benchmarks in the Areas of Judicial Reform and the Fight against Corruption and Organised Crime’, Commission Decision, 13 December 2006, Brussels, 6570 Final.
European Commission. (2012) IP/12/24, 17 January 2012.
European Parliament. (2012) ‘European Parliament Debate on the Situation in Hungary’, 18 January 2012.
Exadaktylos, T. and Radaelli, C. (2012) Research Design in European Studies Establishing Causality in Europeanization (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Friis, L. and Murphy, A. (1999) ‘The European Union and Central and Eastern Europe: Governance and Boundaries’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 37(2), pp. 211–232.
Grabbe, H. (2002) ‘European Union Conditionality and the Acquis communautaire’, International Political Science Revue, 23(3), pp. 249–268.
Haughton, T. (2007) ‘When Does the EU Make a Difference? Conditionality and the Accession Process in Central and Eastern Europe’, Political Studies Review, 5(2), pp. 233–246.
Henderson, K. (2002) Slovakia. The Escape from Invisibility (London and New York: Routledge).
Hooghe, L. (2012) ‘Images of Europe: How Commission Officials Conceive Their Institutions’ Role’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 50(1), pp. 87–111.
Kochenov, D. (2004) ‘Behind the Copenhagen Facade. The Meaning and Structure of the Copenhagen Political Criterion of Democracy and the Rule of Law’, European Integration Online Papers, 8(10), pp. 1–34.
Kochenov, D. (2008) Enlargement and the Failure of Conditionality (London: Kluwer Law International).
Körösényi, A. (1999) Government and Politics in Hungary (Budapest: Central European University Press).
Kramer, H. (1993) ‘The European Community’s Response to the “New Eastern Europe”’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 31(2), pp. 213–244.
Kubicek, P. (ed.) (2003) The European Union and Democratization (New York: Routledge).
Linz, J. and Stepan, A. (1996) Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
Ludlow, P. (2005) ‘A Welcome Change: The European Commission and the Challenge of Enlargement 1958–1973’, Journal of European Integration History, 11(2), pp. 31–46.
Magen, A.A. and Morlino, L. (eds.) (2008) International Actors, Democratization and the Rule of Law: Anchoring Democracy? (London: Routledge/UACES).
Morlino, L. and Sadurski, W. (eds.) (2010) Democratization and the European Union (London: Routledge).
Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2006) ‘Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment’, Journal of Democracy, 17(3), pp. 86–99.
Niemann, A. (1998) ‘The PHARE Programme and the Concept of Spillover: Neofunctionalism in the Making’, Journal of European Public Policy, 5(3), pp. 428–446.
Noutcheva, G. (2006) ‘Bulgaria and Romania’s Accession to the EU: Postponement, Safeguards and the Rule of Law’, CEPS Policy Brief, http://www.ceps.eu/book/bulgaria-and-romanias-accession-eupostponement-safeguards-and-rule-law.
O’Donnell, G. (1998) ‘Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies’, in A. Schedler, L. Diamond and M. Plattner (eds.) The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies (Boulder: Lynne Rienner), pp. 29–52.
O’Donnell, G.A. (1996) ‘Illusions about Consolidation’, Journal of Democracy, 7(2), pp. 34–51.
O’Donnell, G.A. and Schmitter, P. (1986) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
Piana, D. (2010) Judicial Accountability in New Europe (London: Ashgate).
Pravda, A. and Zielonka, J. (2001) Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe, Volume 2: International and Transnational Factors (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Preston, C. (1995) ‘Obstacles to EU Enlargement: The Classical Community Method and the Prospects for a Wider Europe’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 33(3), pp. 451–463.
Pridham, G. (ed.) (1991) ‘International Influences and Democratic Transition: Problems of Theory and Practice in Linkage Politics’, in EncouragingDemocracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe (New York: St. Martin’s Press), pp. 1–28.
Pridham, G. (2005) Designing Democracy: EU Enlargement and Regime Change in Post-Communist Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Robert, C. (2001) ‘L’Union européenne face à son élargissement à l’est: incertitude politique et construction d’un leadership administratif’, Politique Européenne, 3, pp. 38–62.
Rupnik, J. (2012) ‘How Things Went Wrong’, Journal of Democracy, 2, pp. 132–138.
Sajdik, M. and Schwarzinger, M. (2008) European Union Enlargement: Background, Developments, Facts (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction).
Samson, I. (2001) ‘Slovakia: Misreading the Western Message’, in J. Zielonka and A. Pravda (eds.) Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe, Volume 2: International and Transnational Factors (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 363–382.
Schimmelfennig, F. (2001) ‘The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union’, International Organization, 55(01), pp. 47–80.
Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U. (2005) The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
Schmitter, P. (2005) ‘The Ambiguous Virtues of Accountability’, in L. Diamond and L. Morlino (eds.) Assessing the Quality of Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), pp. 18–31.
Sedelmeier, U. (2005a) Constructing the Path to Eastern Enlargement. The Uneven Policy Impact of EU Identity (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press).
Sedelmeier, U. (2005b) ‘Eastern Enlargement’, in H. Wallace and W. Wallace (eds.) Policy Making in the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 401–430.
Spendzharova, A.B. and Vachudova, M.A. (2012) ‘Catching Up? Consolidating Liberal Democracy in Bulgaria and Romania after EU Accession’, West European Politics 35(1), pp. 39–58.
Vachudova, M.A. (2005) Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration after Communism (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Van der Harst, J. (2007) ‘Enlargement: The Commission Seeks a Role for Itself’, in M. Dumoulin (ed.) The European Commission, 1958–1972. History and Memories (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities), pp. 171–187.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Luca Tomini
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tomini, L. (2014). Divergent Democracies? The Limits of the Current Political Integration. In: Coman, R., Kostera, T., Tomini, L. (eds) Europeanization and European Integration. Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137325501_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137325501_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-45939-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-32550-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)