Abstract
This chapter discusses the new Brazilian middle class, its definition, evolution, profile, attitudes and durability.2 It describes the methodology used to determine economic classes and reveals that 42 million Brazilians joined the middle class since 2003 due to a combination of economic growth and increased equity. It forecasts different economic classes’ paths and calculates individual income risks from longitudinal data.
Most of the results presented here derive from work done at the Center for Social Policies (CPS/FGV). I would like to thank Luisa Melo and Samanta Sacramento for their excellent assistance and Jeff Dayton-Johnson for his careful comments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barros, R. P. de, M. C. Neri and R. Mendonça (1995) ‘An Evaluation of the Measurement of Income and Expenditures in Brazilian Household Surveys: POF X PNAD’, Anais do Encontro da Sociedade Brasileira de Econometria 17, 1996, 105–159.
Campello, T. and M. C. Neri, eds. (2013) Programa Bolsa Família: 10 Anos de Inclusão e Cidadania (Brasília: Ipea).
Cruces, G., L. F. López-Calva and D. Battistón (2011) ‘Down and Out or Up and In? Polarisation-Based Measures of Middle Class in Latin America’ Working Papers 113 (La Plata, Argentina: CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata).
Esteban, J., C. Gradín and D. Ray (2007) ‘An extension of a measure of polarization with an application to the income distribution of five OECD countries’, Journal of Economic Inequality, vol. 5, no. 1, 1–19.
Friedman, M. (1957) A theory of the consumption function (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Friedman, T. (2005) The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Globalized World in the 21st Century (London: Penguin/Allen Lane).
Hall, R. (1978) The distribution of permanent income (New York: Halsted).
Milanovic, B. (2005) Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Milanovic, B. (2011) The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Short and Idiosyncratic History of Global Inequality (New York: Basic Books).
Neri, M. C. (1990) Inflação e Consumo: Modelos Teóricos Aplicados ao Imediato Pós-Cruzado (Rio de Janeiro: BNDES).
Neri, M. C. (2003) Cobertura Previdenciária: Diagnóstico e Propostas (Brasília: Ministério da Previdência Social).
Neri, M. C. (2008) Microcrédito, o mistério nordestino e o Grameen brasileiro: perfil e performance dos clientes do CrediAMIGO (Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getulio Vargas).
Neri, M. C. (2011) A Nova Classe Média: O Lado Brilhante da base da Pirâmide (São Paulo: Editora Saraiva).
Neri, M. C. and J. M. Camargo (2000) ‘Economic Reforms and Income Distribution’, in S. Morley, ed., Brazil in the 1990: An Economy in Transition (Santiago: UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean).
Neri, M. C., L. Carvalhães and S. Sacramento (2012) Superação de Pobreza e Nova Classe Média no Campo (Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas).
Neri, M. C. and F. Schiavinato, eds. (2014) SIPS 2014: Percepções da População sobre Políticas Públicas (Brasília: Ipea).
OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] (2010) Latin American Economic Outlook 2011: How Middle-Class Is Latin America? (Paris: OECD Publishing).
OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] (2013) PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know (Paris: OECD Publishing).
SAE (2012) Comissão para a Deflnição da Classe Média no Brasil (Brasília: Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos da Presidencia da República), http://www.sae.gov.br/site/?p=13425, date accessed 1 July 2014.
Souza, A. and B. Lamounier (2010) A Classe Média Brasileira: Ambições, Valores e Projetos de Sociedade (Rio de Janeiro: Campus/Elsevier).
Souza, J. (2010) Os batalhadores brasileiros: nova classe média ou nova classe trabalhadora? (Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Marcelo Neri
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neri, M. (2015). Brazil’s New Middle Classes: The Bright Side of the Poor. In: Dayton-Johnson, J. (eds) Latin America’s Emerging Middle Classes. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137320797_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137320797_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-45786-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-32079-7
eBook Packages: Palgrave Intern. Relations & Development CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)