Skip to main content

Can You Have Muslim Soldiers? Diversity as a Martial Value

  • Chapter
The State of Race

Part of the book series: Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series ((CAL))

Abstract

The British Army website is a movable feast. Like many corporate employers, the organisation constantly updates the online information and images so as to entice young men and women with the prospect of an exciting, fulfilling career. In February 2012, a page could be found in the section on joining the army, providing answers to frequently asked questions. ‘Army life has a lot of similarities to civilian life,’ it stated, ‘but there are times when it makes very different demands of the people who live it.’ 2 A list of 12 questions could be found below, formatted in ‘accordion’ style so that the answers only appeared when the viewer clicked on the corresponding arrow. Thus it was possible to read them not just as a list but also an index of public ignorance surrounding the nature of military work.

When people raise the subject of racism with me and ask whether it is a matter of political correctness, I remind them that the most glorious hours of the British armed forces were spent when they stood alone against the most poisonous regime ever to emanate from the European continent. The poison at the heart of that regime was racism. There is no place for racism in the ethos of the British armed forces. 1

(John Reid, Minister for the Armed Forces 1997)

Nationalism and Patriotism are values that are totally compatible with Islam and Islamic teachings. Actually they not only compatible but are actually encouraged and seen as commendable traits. Therefore there a famous Islamic saying in Arabic “Hubbul watan minal eeman” — the love of your nation is part of your faith.

(Imam Asim Hafiz, Muslim chaplain to HM Armed Forces 2010)

Diversity increases operational effectiveness.

(Slogan on RAF diary 2012)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aitken Report (2008) An Investigation into Cases of Deliberate Abuse and Unlawful Killing in Iraq in 2003 and 2004, Ministry of Defence, 25 January 2008, http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/7AC894D3–1430-4AD1–911F-8210C3342CC5/0/aitken_rep.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Mughal, Cpl M. (2010). Secretary AFMA, ‘Journey of AFMA’, Armed Forces Muslim Newsletter, July 2010, pp. 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC (2006) ‘Oldest Regiment Serves Dual Role’, BBC News, 25 January 2006, http://goo.gl/1Ui1n

  • Bellamy, C. (1996) ‘Army Pledges to Stamp Out Racism in Ranks’, The Independent, 28 March 1996. http://goo.gl/DAVtt

  • BBC (2008) ‘Timeline: Iraqi Abuse Trial’, BBC News UK, 10 July 2008, http://goo.gl/a8MkS

  • Bingham, J. & Hough, A. (2011) ‘Baha Mousa Inquiry: Soldiers Suspended in “Dark” Day for Army’, Daily Telegraph, 8 September 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8749760/Baha-Mousa-inquiry-soldiers-suspended-in-dark-day-for-Army.html

  • Cecil, N. & Cheston, P. (2011) ‘Day of Shame for British Army as 14 Soldiers Suspended over Horrific Killing’, London Evening Standard, 8 September 2011, http://goo.gl/AOnUr.

  • Champion, M. (2012) ‘Azhar Ahmed to Stand Trial over Facebook Post About Dead Soldiers’, Metro, 20 March 2012, http://goo.gl/g3dXj

  • Cobain, I. (2012) ‘RAF Helicopter Death Revelation Leads to Secret Iraq Detention Camp’, Guardian, 7 February 2012, http://goo.gl/xFuYk

  • Cornish, P. and Dorman, A. (2009) ‘Blair’s Wars and Brown’s Budgets: from Strategic Defence Review to Strategic Decay in Less Than a Decade’, International Affairs, 85(2), 247–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowen D. (2008) Military Workfare: The Soldier and Social Citizenship in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) (2000) Memorandum from the Commission for Racial Equality, Select Committee on Defence, Parliamentary Business, 2 October 2000, http://goo.gl/xdutb

    Google Scholar 

  • Dandeker, C. (1994) ‘New Times for the Military: Some Sociological Remarks on the Changing Role and Structure of the Armed Forces of the Advanced Societies’, The British Journal of Sociology, 45(4), 637–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dandeker, C. & Mason, D. (2003) ‘Diversifying the Uniform? The Participation of Minority Ethnic Personnel in the British Armed Services’, Armed Forces & Society 29(4), 481–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dannatt, CGS, Gen. Sir R . (2011) ‘Military Must Teach Morals’, Defence Management, 8 November 2011, http://goo.gl/nRAX4

    Google Scholar 

  • DASA (2011) 2.10. Strength of UK Regular Forces by Service, Ethnic Origin and Rank. Defence Analytical Service and Advice, UK Defence Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellicott, C. (2010) ‘Five Muslim Boys and White Girl, All 12, Excluded over Facebook Death Threats to Classmate Who Supported British Troops’, Daily Mail, 18 November 2010. http://goo.gl/ucpMk

  • Finney, N. Capt. (2010). Capt. (2010) ‘A Culture of Inclusion: Defense, Diplomacy, and Development as a Modern American Foreign Policy’, Small Wars Journal, September 2010. http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/a-culture-of-inclusion

  • Forster, Anthony. (2006) ‘Breaking the Covenant: Governance of the British Army in the Twenty-first Century’, International Affairs, 82(6), 1043–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forster, A. (2012) ‘The Military Covenant and British Civil-Military Relations: Letting the Genie out of the Bottle’, Armed Forces & Society, 38(2), 273–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardham, D. (2008) Man Guilty over Muslim Soldier Beheading Plot’, Daily Telegraph, 15 February 2008, http://goo.gl/VhfXJ

  • Goldberg D.T. (2009) The Threat of Race: Reflections on Racial Neoliberalism (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusterson, H. (2010) ‘The Cultural Turn in the War on Terror’, in J. D. Kelly, B. Jauregui, S. T. Mitchell, and J. Walton (eds), Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), pp. 279–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafiz, A. Imam (2010) ‘The Love of Your Country Is Part of Your Faith’, Armed Forces Muslim Newsletter, July 2010, pp. 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse, B. (ed.) (2000) Un/settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilcullen, D. (2006), ‘Twenty-Eight Articles: Fundamentals of Company-level Counterinsurgency’, edition 1, March 2006, http://goo.gl/VsIoY

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, R. (2009) ‘The Citizen-Soldier Tradition in the United States: Has Its Demise Been Greatly Exaggerated?’ Armed Forces & Society, 36(1), 153–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leake, C. (2007) ‘Race Uproar over Army Troop Quota’, Mail Online, 1 April 2007, http://goo.gl/k9C59

  • Marsden, S. (2012) ‘New Iraq War Inquiry Set to Open’, The Independent, 2 January 2012. http://goo.gl/vb5BY

  • Mason, D. & Dandeker, C. (2009) ‘Evolving UK Policy on Diversity in the Armed Services: Multiculturalism and its Discontents’, Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 47(4), 393–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Defence (2004–5) ‘Guide on Religion and Belief in the MoD and Armed Forces’. Designed and produced by TES-TI Media. Bath, http://goo.gl/FZ6Is

    Google Scholar 

  • MoD (2010) ‘British Imam Leads Eid celebrations in Kandahar’, Ministry of Defence, Defence News. 19 November 2010, http://goo.gl/Eg4l1

  • Norton-Taylor, R. (2009) ‘Army Puts Cap on Number of Foreign Recruits’, The Guardian, 3 February 2009, http://goo.gl/LozNQ

  • Norton-Taylor, R. (2011) ‘MoD’s Resistance to Human Rights in Iraq Blamed for Death of Baha Mousa’, The Guardian, 24 November 2011, http://goo.gl/shcPq

  • Parekh, B. (2000) The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain: The Parekh Report (London: Profile Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, K. (1998) ‘From Subjects to Immigrants’, in R. Weight, R. and A. Beach, A. (eds), The Right to Belong: Citizenship and National Identity, 1930–1969 (London: LB Taurus), pp. 223–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi, K. & Zeitlyn, B. (2013) ‘British Muslims, British Soldiers: Cultural Citizenship in the New Imperialism’, Ethnicities, (13)1, 110–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, G. (2011) ‘Baha Mousa: How a Young Father Met His Violent Death at the Hands of British Soldiers’, Daily Telegraph, 8 September 2011, http://goo.gl/xaXLC

  • Roberston, G. (1998) Introduction, 19. Strategic Defence Review. July. Ministry of Defence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers, M. R. (2008) Genealogies of Citizenship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taneja, P. (2011) ‘UK’s Muslim Soldiers “Fighting Extremists not Muslims”’ BBC News, 21 February, 2011, http://goo.gl/uWiYv

  • Taneja, P. (2011a) ‘Muslims on the Frontline’, Asian Network Reports Special, BBC Asian Network, 21 February 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M. (2009) ‘Army Recruitment Surge due to Patriotism and Recession’, The Guardian, 27 September 2009, http://goo.gl/RwrKE

  • UK Defence Statistics (2011) Chapter 2.13: Strength of UK Regular Forces by Service and Religion, at 1 April each year, http://goo.gl/VgA86

    Google Scholar 

  • Versi, A. J. (2009) ‘Army Chief Admits Failure to Convince Muslims over Afghan Policy’, The Muslim News, issue 247, 27 November — 10 Dhu al-Hijjah 1430, http://goo.gl/OZ1Vs

  • Wall Sir, CGS Gen. P, (2011) ‘Chief of the General Staff Responds to Baha Mousa Inquiry Report’, MoD Defence Policy and Business, 8 September 2011, http://goo.gl/4zf3T

    Google Scholar 

  • Ware, V. (2010a) ‘Lives on the Line’, Soundings, issue 45, summer 2010, pp.147–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ware, V. (2010b) ‘Whiteness in the Glare of War: Soldiers, Migrants and Citizenship’ Ethnicities, 10(3), 313–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ware, V. (2012) Military Migrants: Fighting for YOUR Country (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Vron Ware

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ware, V. (2013). Can You Have Muslim Soldiers? Diversity as a Martial Value. In: Kapoor, N., Kalra, V.S., Rhodes, J. (eds) The State of Race. Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137313089_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics