Skip to main content

Subjects of Government

  • Chapter
The Government of Childhood

Part of the book series: Studies in Childhood and Youth ((SCY))

  • 299 Accesses

Abstract

As was discussed in Chapter 1, the concept of governmentality relates to a mode of exercising power, particularly relevant to liberal forms of rule, which is predicated upon the freedom of the governed. Liberalism depends upon the willingness and capacity of free individuals to choose to exercise responsible self-government — an important aspect of liberal government is therefore fostering responsible, self-directing subjects.1 Rose tells us that this is to be achieved through a range of different strategies many of which are not directly connected to centralised political power.2 There is a multifarious range of resources to be availed of to guide the ‘government of the self’, but within the governmentality literature particular importance is attributed to the forms of knowledge and expertise derived from the human sciences, especially those pre-fixed with ‘psy’.3

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Valverde, M. ‘“Despotism” and Ethical Liberal Governance’ Economy and Society 25:3 (1996) 357–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Rose, PF, 40–47; Dreyfus, H.L. and Rabinow, P. Michael Foucault: Between Structuralism and Hermeneutics, 2nd edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), 109

    Google Scholar 

  3. Foucault, M. The Order of Things (Abingdon: Routledge, 1970) (henceforth OT)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ibid.; see Dreyfus, H.L. and Rabinow, P. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, 2nd edition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983), 26–43

    Google Scholar 

  5. Foucault, M. ‘The Political Technology of Individuals’ in Foucault, Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984 Volume 3, edited by James D. Faubion (London: Penguin, 2000), 403–417, 403–404

    Google Scholar 

  6. Danziger, K. ‘The Historical Formation of Selves’ in Ashmore, R. and Jussim, L. (eds) Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Maynes, M.J. Schooling in Western Europe: A Social History (Albany: SUNY, 1985), 39–41, 61

    Google Scholar 

  8. Michael, F.S. and Michael, E. ‘Gassendi’s Modified Epicureanism and British Moral Philosophy’ The History of European Ideas 21:6: (1995) 743–761, 760n44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rose, N. Inventing Our Selves (Cambridge: CUP, 1998), 64–65

    Google Scholar 

  10. Burman, E. Deconstructing Developmental Psychology (Abingdon: Routledge, 1994); Rose, GS, 145–146

    Google Scholar 

  11. Danziger, K. Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language (London: Sage, 1997), 127–128 (henceforth cited as NM)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Foucault, M. ‘Technologies of the Self’ Foucault, Ethics: Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984 Volume 1 (edited by Paul Rabinow) (London: Penguin, 1994), 223–252, 226

    Google Scholar 

  13. Foucault, M. The Hermeneutics of the Subject (New York: Picador, 2005), 31–39 (henceforth cited as HS)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ibid., 468; see also Panizza, L.A. ‘Stoic Psychotherapy in the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Petrarch’s De Remediis’ in Osler, M.J. Atoms, Peuma, and Tranquility: Epicurean and Stoic Themes in European Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 44

    Google Scholar 

  15. Colish, M.L. The Stoic Tradition From Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985); Hutchinson, D.S. ‘Introduction’ in Inwood, Brad and Gerson (eds) The Epicurus Reader (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994), viii-xv

    Google Scholar 

  16. Colish, M.L. The Stoic Tradition From Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985); Hutchinson, D.S. ‘Introduction’ in Inwood, Brad and Gerson (eds) The Epicurus Reader (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994), viii-xv

    Google Scholar 

  17. Colish, The Stoic Tradition, 23; Osler, M.J. and Panizza, L.A. ‘Introduction’ in Osler, M.J. Atoms, Peuma, and Tranquility: Epicurean and Stoic Themes in European Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 2–3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Brooke, C. Philosophic Pride: Stoicism and Political Thought from Lipsius to Rousseau (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), 116

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ibid., 50; Brunschwig, J. ‘The Cradle Argument in Epicureanism and Stoicism’ in Schofeld, M. and Striker, G. (eds) The Norms of Nature (Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1986), 113–144

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hossenfelder, M. ‘Epicurus-Malgré Lui’ in Schofeld, M. and Striker, G. (eds) The Norms of Nature (Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1986), 245–263

    Google Scholar 

  21. Epicurus, ‘Letter to Menoeceus: Diogenes Laertius 10.121–135’ in Inwood, B. and Gerson, L.P. The Epicurus Reader: Selected Writings and Testimonia (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1994), 30; Hutchinson, ‘Introduction’, viii-ix

    Google Scholar 

  22. Nussbaum, M. ‘Review Essay: Epicurus’ Ethical Theory: The Pleasures of Invulnerability by Phillip Mitsis’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51:3 (1991) 677–687, 682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. See Stortz, M.E. ‘“Where or When Was Your Servant Innocent?” Augustine on Childhood’ in Bunge, M.J. (ed.) The Child in Christian Thought (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2001), 80

    Google Scholar 

  24. See Burkitt for an interesting discussion on this point. Burkitt, I. ‘Technologies of the Self: Habitus and Capacities’ Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 32:2 (2002) 219–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. White, M. and Hunt, A. ‘Citizenship: Care of the Self, Character and Personality’ Citizenship Studies 4:2 (2000) 93–116, 95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Heinze, A.R. ‘Schizophrenia Americana: Aliens, Alienists, and the “Personality Shift” of Twentieth-Century Culture’ American Quarterly 55:2 (2003) 227–256, 227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Nicholson, I. ‘Gordon Allport, Character, and the “Culture of Personality,” 1897–1937’ History of Psychology 1:1 (1998) 52–68; Heinze, ‘Schizophrenia Americana

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Burchell, D. ‘The Attributes of Citizens: Virtue, Manners and the Activity of Citizenship’ Economy and Society 24:4 (1995) 540–558, 545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Dean, M. Governing Societies (Maidenhead: McGraw Hill/Open University Press, 2007), 96

    Google Scholar 

  30. Marshall, T.H. and Bottomore, T. Citizenship and Social Class (Sterling, VA: Pluto Perspectives, 1992), 34–35

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hindess, B. ‘Citizenship in the Modern West’ in Turner, B. (ed.) Citizenship and Social Theory (London: Sage, 1993), 19–35

    Google Scholar 

  32. Marshall, T.H. (1981) The Right to Welfare (London: Heinemann, 1981), 92

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ibid; see also Rimke, H., ‘Governing Citizens Through Self-Help Literature’ Cultural Studies 14:1 (2000) 61–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Oullette, L. and Hay, J. ‘Makeover Television, Governmentality and the Good Citizen’ Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 22:4 (2008) 471–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Widding, U. ‘Transform Your Child’s Behaviour Now: Parent Education as Self-Help Culture and Lifelong Learning’ Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood Education 12:3 (2011) 252–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Rose, PF; Garsten, C. and Jacobsson, K. (eds) ‘Learning to be Employable: An Introduction’ Learning to be Employable: New Agendas on Work, Responsibility and Learning in a Globalizing World (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 2–14

    Google Scholar 

  37. Donzelot, J. The Policing of Families (New York: Pantheon Books, 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kennedy, D. The Well of Being: Childhood, Subjectivity, and Education (Albany: SUNY Press, 2006), 5; see also Miller, Transformations

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gittins, D. The Child in Question (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998), 147–148.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  40. Pollock, L. Forgotten Children (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ozment, S. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Moran, G.F. and Vinovskis, M.A. ‘The Great Care of Godly Parents: Early Childhood in Puritan New England’ Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 50:4/5 (1985) 24–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Van Krieken, R. ‘Social Discipline and State Formation: Weber and Oestreich on the Historical Sociology of Subjectivity’ Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift 17:1 (1990) 3–28

    Google Scholar 

  44. Smith, D. ‘The Civilizing Process and The History of Sexuality: Comparing Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault’ Theory and Society 28 (1999) 79–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kennedy, D. ‘The Roots of Child Study: Philosophy, History and Religion’ Teachers College Record 102:3 (2000) 514–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Mennell, S. Norbert Elias: An Introduction (Dublin: UCD Press, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Vaughan, B. ‘The Civilizing Process and the Janus-Face of Modern Punishment’ Theoretical Criminology 4:1 (2000) 71–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Osler and Panizza, ‘Introduction’, 3–4; see Wiker, B. Moral Darwinism: How We Became Hedonists (Intervarsity Press, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Force, P. Self-Interest Before Adam Smith: A Genealogy of Economic Science, No. 68 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 48–49

    Book  Google Scholar 

  50. Waszink, J., Justus Lipsius – Politica (Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum, 2004), 84–85, 136–137

    Google Scholar 

  51. Merchant, C. Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), 66

    Google Scholar 

  52. Michael, F.S. and Michael, E. ‘Gassendi’s Modified Epicureanism and British Moral Philosophy’ History of European Ideas 21:6 (1995) 743–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hundert, E.J. The Enlightenment’s Fable: Bernard Mandeville and the Discovery of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 50–51

    Google Scholar 

  54. Zagorin, P. Hobbes and the Law of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009), 47

    Google Scholar 

  55. Burchell, D. ‘The Disciplined Citizen: Thomas Hobbes, Neostoicism and the Critique of Classical Citizenship’ Australian Journal of Politics and History 45:4 (1999) 506–524, 509–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Melzer, ‘Rousseau’s Moral Realism’, 638–639; see Hobbes, Man and Citizen, 116–119 and Rousseau, J-J. The Social Contract, trans. Maurice Cranston (London: Penguin, 2004), 40

    Google Scholar 

  57. Pateman, C. The Sexual Contract (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), 77–115; see also Miller, Transformations, 41–74

    Google Scholar 

  58. Bejan, T.M. ‘Teaching the Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Education’ Oxford Review of Education 36:5 (2010) 607–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Roche, K.F. Rousseau Stoic and Romantic (London: Methuen, 1974), 35

    Google Scholar 

  60. Reckford, K.J. ‘Some Appearances of the Golden Age’ The Classical Journal 54:2 (1958) 79–87

    Google Scholar 

  61. Bloom, A. ‘The Education of Democratic Man: Émile’ Daedalus 107:3 (1978) 135–153; see Rousseau, The Social Contract, 164

    Google Scholar 

  62. Koops, W. ‘Imaging Childhood’ in Koops, W. and Zuckerman, M. (eds) Beyond the Century of the Child: Cultural History and Developmental Psychology (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003), 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  63. Benzaquén, A.S. ‘Childhood, Identity and Human Science in the Enlightenment’ History Workshop Journal 57 (2004) 34–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2014 Karen M. Smith

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, K.M. (2014). Subjects of Government. In: The Government of Childhood. Studies in Childhood and Youth. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137312273_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics