Abstract
In this chapter, we will investigate the wider cultural and social processes which help to cultivate the critically open attitude, and trace how these have changed and developed over historical time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Brown, D.E. (1988). Hierarchy, History, and Human Nature: The Social Origins of Historical Consciousness. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Gardner (1961). Chinese Traditional Historiography. Cited in Brown, p. 49.
Popper, K.R. (1945/1962a). The Open Society and its Enemies: Vol 1: Plato, p. 132.
Baldry, H.C. (1965). The Unity of Mankind in Greek Thought. Cited in Brown, p. 149
Gibbon, E. (1776–1787/1990). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Vol. II. Chicago: Encylopaedia Britannica, Inc., chapter. 54, p. 335.
This table is based on material from Steele, D. and Thomas, C. (1963). Romans: An Interpretative Outline. Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co. Quotations from http://www.graceonlinelibrary.org/reformed-theology/arminianism.
Porter, R. (2001). The Enlightenment. (2nd ed.). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 66)
Osborne, R. (2006). Civilization: A New History of the Western World. London: Pimlico, p. 333.
Israel, J. (2010). A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Long, J. (2013). The surprising social mobility of Victorian Britain. European Review of Economic History, 17, 1–23.
Wrinch, P.N. (1951). Science and politics in the USSR: The genetics debate. World Politics, 3, 486–519.
Graham, L.R. (1993). Science in Russia and the Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 130.
Dicey (1885), cited in Bingham, T. (2010). The Rule of Law. London: Allen Lane, p. 3.
Solomon, P.H. (1996). Soviet Criminal Justice under Stalin. Cambridge: CUP, p. 154.
Li, H. (2013). Reinventing Modern China: Imagination and Authenticity in Chinese Historical Writing. pp. 3–4.
Bingham (2010). See also Northam, J. (2005). Q and A about Guantanamo Bay and the Detainees. http://www.npr.org.
Data Sources Economic freedom: Gwartney, J. and Lawson, R. (2004). Economic Freedom of the World: 2004 Annual Report. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute.
Social mobility (intergenerational earnings elasticity): Corak, M. (2013). Income inequality, equality of opportunity, and intergenerational mobility. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27, 79–102.
Income equality: World Bank GINI Index, accessed on 24 November 2011. Freedom of press: Press Freedom Index 2013, Reporters without borders, 30 January 2013. Human rights: Country Indicators for Foreign Policy. Country Ranking Table 2007. http://www4.carleton.ca/cifp/app/gdp_ranking.php. Accessed 20 March 2013. Democratic participation: Ibid. Rule of law: Ibid. Uncertainty tolerance: Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences. (2nd ed.) London: Sage.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 John Lambie
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lambie, J. (2014). History of Open and Closed Societies. In: How to be Critically Open-Minded — A Psychological and Historical Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137301055_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137301055_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-45338-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-30105-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)